英语翻译

英语翻译
英语翻译

英语翻译
国家体育场建筑顶面呈鞍形,长轴为332.3米,短轴为296.4米,最高点高度为68.5米,最低点高度为42.8米.在保持“鸟巢”建筑风格不变的前提下,新设计方案对结构布局、构建截面形式、材料利用率等问题进行了较大幅度的调整与优化.原设计方案中的可开启屋顶被取消,屋顶开口扩大,并通过钢结构的优化大大减少了用钢量.大跨度屋盖支撑在24根桁架柱之上,柱距为37.96米.主桁架围绕屋盖中间的开口放射形布置,有22榀主桁架直通或接近直通.为了避免出现过于复杂的节点,少量主桁架在内环附近截断.钢结构大量采用由钢板焊接而成的箱形构件,交叉布置的主桁架与屋面及立面的次结构一起形成了“鸟巢”的特殊建筑造型.主看台部分采用钢筋混凝土框架一剪力墙结构体系,与大跨度钢结构完全脱开. The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004.
In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005.
“鸟巢”是2008年北京奥运会主体育场.由2001年普利茨克奖获得者赫尔佐格、德梅隆与中国建筑师合作完成的巨型体育场设计,形态如同孕育生命的“巢”,它更像一个摇篮,
寄托着人类对未来的希望.设计者们对这个国家体育场没有做任何多余的处理,只是坦率地把结构暴露在外,因而自然形成了建筑的外观.
The stadium's appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction made between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a bird's nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008.
“鸟巢”以巨大的钢网围合、覆盖着9.1万人的体育场；观光楼梯自然地成为结构的延伸；立柱消失了,均匀受力的网如树枝般没有明确的指向,让人感到每一个座位都是平等的,置身其中如同回到森林；把阳光滤成漫射状的充气膜,使体育场告别了日照阴影；整个地形隆起4米,内部作附属设施,避免了下挖土方所耗的巨大投资.
鸟巢是一个大跨度的曲线结构,有大量的曲线箱形结构,设计和安装均有很大挑战性,在施工过程中处处离不开科技支持.“鸟巢”采用了当今先进的建筑科技,全部工程共有二三十项技术难题,其中,钢结构是世界上独一无二的.“鸟巢”钢结构总重4.2万吨,最大跨度343米,而且结构相当复杂,其三维扭曲像麻花一样的加工,在建造后的沉降、变形、吊装等问题正在逐步解决,相关施工技术难题还被列为科技部重点攻关项目.
The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic National Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens.
Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the circulation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof, but the roof has been omitted from the design in 2004.
现在,“鸟巢”已经完成混凝土施工,开始进行钢结构施工.在桁架柱内柱受力最大的部位,为了有效控制构件的最大壁厚,减小焊接工作量,使连接构造比较合理,在设计中采用了高强度的Q460钢材.
说起Q460钢材,大多数人可能都不了解.“鸟巢”结构设计奇特新颖,而这次搭建它的钢结构的Q460也有很多独到之处：Q460是一种低合金高强度钢,它在受力强度达到460兆帕时才会发生塑性变形,这个强度要比一般钢材大,因此生产难度很大.这是国内在建筑结构上首次使用Q460规格的钢材；而这次使用的钢板厚度达到110毫米,是以前绝无仅有的,在国家标准中,Q460的最大厚度也只是100毫米.以前这种钢一般从卢森堡、韩国、日本进口.为了给“鸟巢”提供“合身”的Q460,从2004年9月开始,河南舞阳特种钢厂的科研人员开始了长达半年多的科技攻关,前后3次试制终于获得成功.如今,为“鸟巢”准备的Q460钢材已经开始批量生产.2008年,400吨自主创新、具有知识产权的国产Q460钢材,将撑起“鸟巢”的铁骨钢筋.
While the rain was to be collected for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities -- restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms -- are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadium's sustainable design.
The sliding roof was an integral part of the stadium structure. When it was to be closed, it would have converted the stadium into a covered arena; however, the sliding roof was eliminated in an effort to cut costs and increase overall safety of the radical new structure.
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