英语翻译This study provides evidence that the increase in the use of fluoroquinolones in Canada is associated with an increase in the frequency and degree of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among pneumococci,especially among penicillin

英语翻译This study provides evidence that the increase in the use of fluoroquinolones in Canada is associated with an increase in the frequency and degree of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among pneumococci,especially among penicillin
英语翻译
This study provides evidence that the increase in the use of fluoroquinolones in Canada is associated with an increase in the frequency and degree of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among pneumococci,especially among penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae.Previous studies have shown strong associations between the use of antimicrobial agents in the community and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in a number of organisms.Our study demonstrates that the prevalence of pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones not only increased over time but also was associated with the age group (persons 65 or older) and geographic location (Ontario) with the highest per capita use of fluoroquinolones.
Pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones were reported by 40 of the participating laboratories.Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones were of multiple clones and serotypes,suggesting that new resistance is developing in multiple indigenous strains.Together,these results further support the hypothesis that selective pressure applied to many strains simultaneously is the important determinant of the emergence of resistance.However,the increased prevalence of pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones might also result from clonal dissemination.30 The dramatic increase in S.pneumoniae that are not susceptible to penicillin in Iceland,resulting from the spread of a serotype 6B clone,and the well-documented international dissemination of a multiresistant serotype 23F clone,serve as reminders of the efficiency with which a fit,resistant pneumococcal strain can spread.
Penicillin resistance is a marker for resistance to other antimicrobial agents,including trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole,erythromycin,and tetracycline.However,there are conflicting reports about the relation between penicillin resistance and reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in S.pneumoniae.Our results suggest that the relation exists but may be difficult to detect,because β-lactam use is highest among children,whereas fluoroquinolones are used mainly by adults.This association is of particular concern,since the current and future fluoroquinolones with enhanced activity against S.pneumoniae will be targeted for use against infections due to penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae

英语翻译This study provides evidence that the increase in the use of fluoroquinolones in Canada is associated with an increase in the frequency and degree of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among pneumococci,especially among penicillin
这项研究提供的证据表明,在加拿大的氟喹诺酮类药物使用量的增加是与一间的频率和肺炎链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性降低程度的增加,尤其是在耐青霉素肺炎链球菌.以往的研究表明,在社区之间使用抗菌药物和耐药性的出现一个强大的生物体组织.我们的研究表明,对肺炎链球菌的敏感性降低,不仅增加了时间,而且是与年龄组（65人以上）和地理位置而每人均使用最高的氟喹诺酮类药物（安大略省）相关的氟喹诺酮类药物的盛行率.
与氟喹诺酮类药物敏感性降低肺炎球菌的报告由参加实验室40.血清分型和脉冲场凝胶电泳表明,敏感性降低肺炎球菌对喹诺酮类的多个无性系和血清型,这表明新的阻力在多个土著菌株发展.总之,这些结果进一步支持这一假设的选择压力应用到许多株同时是出现耐药性的重要决定因素.然而,与肺炎双球菌对喹诺酮类敏感性降低发生率增加也可能导致克隆传播.30年肺炎链球菌的急剧增加是对青霉素不敏感,在冰岛,从一个血清型6B型导致克隆传播,而证据充分的血清型的多重抗药性克隆23层的国际传播,作为提醒的效率与其中一个适合,耐肺炎球菌菌株可蔓延.
青霉素耐药性是一个对其他抗菌药物,包括甲氧苄啶,复方新诺明,红霉素,四环素标记.然而,大约有青霉素之间的阻力和降低易感性的肺炎链球菌喹诺酮类药物的关系矛盾的报告.我们的研究结果表明,该关系存在,但可能很难发现,因为β-内酰胺的使用是儿童中最高,而氟喹诺酮类药物用于成人为主.这个协会是特别关注,因为与肺炎链球菌对加强当前和今后的活动将使用氟喹诺酮类药物的目标,不因青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌感染
译的不好哈.不过、
应该是这个.

哥们，做人不能太过了