英语翻译The relationship between the sand loading and total weight losswas also determined in this study as shown in Fig.16.A linear relationship between weight loss and sand content was found at threeflow velocities.Weight loss is less dependent

英语翻译The relationship between the sand loading and total weight losswas also determined in this study as shown in Fig.16.A linear relationship between weight loss and sand content was found at threeflow velocities.Weight loss is less dependent
英语翻译
The relationship between the sand loading and total weight loss
was also determined in this study as shown in Fig.16.A linear relationship between weight loss and sand content was found at three
flow velocities.Weight loss is less dependent on the sand loading
at 7m/s flow velocity.As the flow velocity increases,the increase
in weight loss is much greater.This also confirms that the material
removal is relevant to the combined effect from the sand content
and flow velocity.
This study has enabled an approach to improve the understanding
of erosion–corrosion prediction by identifying critical
parameters which change the damage regime to be achieved.
For an impinging type damage,the rates and trends of material
loss has been assessed based on a semi-empirical approach.The
degradation mechanisms across the surface of API X65 in CO2
erosion–corrosion conditions have been determined and discussed.
The most significant damage process was determined to be the
synergistic effect which results from the surface property degradation
due to corrosion processes which subsequently means that
the resistance to erosion of the surface is reduced.The cut-off
conditions at which the material degradation mechanisms make
the transition from a flow-induced corrosion dominated regime
towards erosion–corrosion have been determined in this study.
Such transitions often account for unexpected material degradation
rates in the oil and gas industry and it can be beneficial if these
are known and can be taken into consideration when developing an
appropriate corrosion or sand management strategy.The study has
presented an integrated framework to advance the understanding
of erosion–corrosion controlling factors,regimes and mechanisms
and this delivers information of use in material selection for the
field.Translating this information into field prediction of rates
requires much more work and development of an abut lab/field
correlation.

英语翻译The relationship between the sand loading and total weight losswas also determined in this study as shown in Fig.16.A linear relationship between weight loss and sand content was found at threeflow velocities.Weight loss is less dependent
如图16所示,这项研究还解决了(流动物体的）含杂质量与（管道）重量减少（由于沙粒磨损）之间的关系,发现了含杂质量与重量减少的线性关系的三种流速.流速在7米/秒时重量的减少与含杂质量关系不大.当流速增加的时候,重量的减少也大大地增加了.这也证实了管壁材料的变化是所含砂质和流速共同作用的结果.
这项研究为我们进一步研究腐蚀提供了途径--通过认识并改变损害因素的临界参数来达到预防腐蚀.比如对于冲撞所引起的破坏,材料的缺失比率和趋势通过半经验法已经得到了评估结果.API X65 的表面经过二氧化碳的腐蚀而老化,腐蚀的情况已经确定并进行了讨论.最有意义的损害过程是当表面由于腐蚀而降低了活性这样就可以阻止其进一步被腐蚀.材料由流动诱发腐蚀占主导向腐蚀之后而老化过度的临界点也就是腐蚀和产生抗腐蚀物的点在本研究中也有了成果.这一转换点对油气工业中不可预知的材料的老化率是很有用的,当需要发展一种适当的腐蚀点或者另一个杂质管理策略的时候就可以大派用场.这一研究展现了一种进一步了解腐蚀与防腐控制因素、机械等方面的综合框架思维模式,还传递了本行业在选材方面的信息.将这项信息转化到实际需要很多的工作和实验室和现场的相关的深入研究.