英语翻译Over the last few decades,many efforts have been madelooking for alternative treatments to landfilling of plasticwaste.Both recycling and energy recovery can be effectiveprocesses to consider,and their application will depend ondifferent

英语翻译Over the last few decades,many efforts have been madelooking for alternative treatments to landfilling of plasticwaste.Both recycling and energy recovery can be effectiveprocesses to consider,and their application will depend ondifferent
英语翻译
Over the last few decades,many efforts have been made
looking for alternative treatments to landfilling of plastic
waste.Both recycling and energy recovery can be effective
processes to consider,and their application will depend on
different technical,economic,legal and ecological considerations.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most
consumed plastics and has received great attention because
of chlorinated combustion byproducts,which have been
shown to be toxic.There are some primary applications for
this thermoplastic,such as window frames,pipes,flooring,
wallpaper,bottles,cable insulation,credit cards,toys or
medical products [1].
According to annual studies conducted by the Association
of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe (APME),total
consumption of PVC in the European Community has risen
from 6.9 million tonnes in 1999 to 7.9 million tonnes in 2003
[1].In 1999 total annual PVC waste quantity was about 4.1
million tonnes in the European Community,and is predicted
to increase 30% in 2010 and 80% up to 7.3 million tonnes in
2020 [2].
Thermal decomposition of PVC has been widely studied
by many researchers.Some works are found concerning
analysis of PVC by thermogravimetric techniques,since
they provide very useful information about kinetic reaction
parameters like activation energies,pre-exponential factors,
reaction orders,number of processes involved,etc.Papers
usually focus on mechanistic aspects and some of them have
revealed the main structural changes occurring during
thermal decomposition regarding initiation and propagation
of both dehydrochlorination and aromatic formation [3–13];
several works face the great amount of reactions which
appear to take place during the process [14–15],whereas
others propose non-complicated mechanisms consisting of
simplified reactions which gather a complex number of
reactions [16–20].This latter procedure has the advantage of
being able to simulate rather accurately the thermal
degradation behavior by using a relatively small number
of equations.However,it is important to cover a wide range
of operating conditions to assure the model can be applicable
at different conditions.
The main aim of this work has been to propose a
simplified model to describe both pyrolysis and combustion
of pure PVC at different atmospheres and heating rates.On
the other hand,it is interesting to point out the fact that,
whereas a lot of papers deal with pyrolytic decomposition of
PVC,fewer papers have been found including the effect of
oxygen in the atmosphere of the reaction when studying
thermal decomposition of PVC [3,7,21–24],so the results
presented here might be useful for a better knowledge of the
thermal behavior of PVC inside a pyrolyzer or a combustor.

英语翻译Over the last few decades,many efforts have been madelooking for alternative treatments to landfilling of plasticwaste.Both recycling and energy recovery can be effectiveprocesses to consider,and their application will depend ondifferent
Over the last few decades,many efforts have been made looking for alternative treatments to landfilling of plastic waste.Both recycling and energy recovery can be effective processes to consider,and their application will depend on different technical,economic,legal and ecological considerations.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most consumed plastics and has received great attention because
of chlorinated combustion byproducts,which have been shown to be toxic.There are some primary applications for this thermoplastic,such as window frames,pipes,flooring,wallpaper,bottles,cable insulation,credit cards,toys or medical products [1].
在过去的几十年里,人们一直在努力寻找新的替代方法来处理堆积如山的塑料垃圾.循环利用和能量回收方法是我们应该考虑的有效的处理方法.但是这二种方法的应用还要考虑不同国家的技术、经济、法律和生态环境的差异.聚氯乙烯（PVC)是消耗最多的塑料产品之一,它之所以受到极大的关注是因为它是氯化燃烧的副产品具有毒性.这种热塑(性)塑料主要被应用在窗户架、水管、地板材料、墙纸、瓶子、电缆绝缘材料、信用卡、玩具或医疗产品上.
According to annual studies conducted by the Association of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe (APME),total consumption of PVC in the European Community has risen from 6.9 million tonnes in 1999 to 7.9 million tonnes in 2003 [1].In 1999 total annual PVC waste quantity was about 4.1 million tonnes in the European Community,and is predicted to increase 30% in 2010 and 80% up to 7.3 million tonnes in 2020 [2].
根据欧洲塑料制造商协会(AMPE)每年进行的研究表明：PVC在欧州区内的全部消耗量已经从1999年的690万吨上升到2003年的790万吨.1999年欧州PVC全年的垃圾总量大约是410万吨,预计在2010这个数量将增加30%,到2020年可能会增加80%而达到730万吨.
Thermal decomposition of PVC has been widely studied by many researchers.Some works are found concerning analysis of PVC by thermogravimetric techniques,since they provide very useful information about kinetic reaction parameters like activation energies,pre-exponential factors,reaction orders,number of processes involved,etc.Papers usually focus on mechanistic aspects and some of them have
revealed the main structural changes occurring during thermal decomposition regarding initiation and propagation of both dehydrochlorination and aromatic formation [3–13];
许多研究人员对PVC的热分解进行了广泛的研究.一些研究涉及到分析PVC的热解重量技术,因为这种技术可以为动反作用参数提供非常有用的信息,这些参数包括活化能、指数前的因子、反应级数及一些操作程序等.很多论文通常会关注PVC热分解过程中的机械论方面,其中的一些文章揭示了出现在热分解进程当中关于脱去氯化氢和芳香物族化合物形成的开始和传播过程中主要结构的改变.
several works face the great amount of reactions which appear to take place during the process [14–15],whereas others propose non-complicated mechanisms consisting of simplified reactions which gather a complex number of reactions [16–20].
一些项目的研究要面对大量的似乎发生在热分解的过程当中的反应,因此另一些人建议使用一些不复杂的机理,这些机理由若干个复杂的反作用而聚集的简化反应组成.
This latter procedure has the advantage of being able to simulate rather accurately the thermal
degradation behavior by using a relatively small number of equations.However,it is important to cover a wide range of operating conditions to assure the model can be applicable at different conditions.
后一种方法有这样的优点：能够通过使用数量相对较少的方程式来模拟相当精确的热降解行为.然而非常重要的一点是这需要涉及许多不同的操作条件来确保模型在不同的条件下可用.
The main aim of this work has been to propose a simplified model to describe both pyrolysis and combustion of pure PVC at different atmospheres and heating rates.On the other hand,it is interesting to point out the fact that,whereas a lot of papers deal with pyrolytic decomposition of PVC,fewer papers have been found including the effect of oxygen in the atmosphere of the reaction when studying
thermal decomposition of PVC [3,7,21–24],so the results presented here might be useful for a better knowledge of the thermal behavior of PVC inside a pyrolyzer or a combustor.
这项工作的主要目的是提出一种简化的模型来描述纯PVC在不同环境中和热消费率下的高温分解和燃烧现象.另一方面,我们要指出这样一个有趣的事实：既然很多的论文都涉及到了PVC的热分解现象,而只有较少的文章在研究PVC热分解中包含了大气反应中的氧气的影响.因此这儿提出的结果对更好的了解PVC在热解器或燃烧室中的热行为可能是非常有用的.