04 throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue.想知道的语言点:1—they are tempered by :这

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04throughoutthechildhoodandearlyadulthoodyearstheyaretemperedbytherepeatedexperiencesofparents''denia

04 throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue.想知道的语言点:1—they are tempered by :这
04 throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue.
想知道的语言点:
1—they are tempered by :这个tempered by怎么翻译.
2—frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue :

04 throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue.想知道的语言点:1—they are tempered by :这
结构
时间状语:Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years
第一分句:they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests
第二分句:and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue.(.
想知道的语言点:
1—they are tempered by 他们受到…磨练
2—frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue :节俭被反反复复地作为一种美德灌输到他们头脑中.
翻译
在整个幼年时代和成年时代早期,他们受到父母不断拒绝他们要求的经验的砺炼,节俭作为一种美德被不厌其烦地灌输到他们头脑中.

1. they are tempered by 被抚养成具有某种性格的
2. 节俭成为脑子里根深蒂固的美德
经过这样的童年和成年的早期生活, 他们被父母一次又一次的拒绝他们的要求的经验培养成为了一种性格,就是节俭成为脑子里根深蒂固的美德