句子在什么情况下要否定前移?谈人称、情况……

句子在什么情况下要否定前移?谈人称、情况……
句子在什么情况下要否定前移?
谈人称、情况……

句子在什么情况下要否定前移?谈人称、情况……
否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见,它是将语义上属于从属分句（一般为that clause）的否定词转移到母句中去.允许否定转移的母句动词在语义上可分为以下两组：
1．看法（OPINION）：anticipate,be supposed to,believe,calculate, expect,figure (infml,AmE),imagine, reckon (infml,esp, in AmE),suppose,think:
Eg. I don't believe I've met you before.
("I believe I haven't met you before.")
Eg. She didn't imagine that we would say anything.
("She imagined we wouldn't say anything.")
Eg. He didn't expect to win.
("He expected not to win.")
2．感觉(PERCEPTION) appear,seem,feel as if,look as if,sound as if (后三个动词也作infml,esp, in AmE,其中用like来代替as if）：
Eg. It doesn't seem that we canget our money back.
"It seems that we can't get our money back."
Eg. The baby doesn't appear to be awake.
("The baby appears not to be awake.")
Eg. It doesn't look like it's going to rain.
("It looks like it isn't going to rain.")
否定的转移是一种含糊的现象.对于否定词位置不同的两个句子,意思是否相同,或者在多大程度上相同的问题,各人的直觉可能是不同的.但在以下特殊情况下,原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移：
1．I think是插入句,可看作与其他部分无关：
I wish you were here,then I think I should not feel like this.
2．母句中添加情态动词can't mustn't wouldn't时：
I can't believe that they are married.
You mustn't think he's stupid.
I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.
3．由于cannot help doing,ought not,need not,not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离.
I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.
I think you ought not to walk at night alone,Mrs. Moore.
I think you need not be impolite to her,as well as to her son.
"I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."
4. 由于not just... but, just not... enough,not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响,也不便把否定拿到动词的前面去：
I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
"You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.
But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定词时：
I should think you never have seen many.
I thought it explained nothing.

强调句型时，通常指的是："It be…that…"这一 结构（简称It-type强调句）。 这确实是一个非常有用的句型，在中学英语课本 中也多次出现，例如：
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.(SBI,P28) 决不只是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was the goat's eyes that h...

全部展开

强调句型时，通常指的是："It be…that…"这一 结构（简称It-type强调句）。 这确实是一个非常有用的句型，在中学英语课本 中也多次出现，例如：
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.(SBI,P28) 决不只是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was the goat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness.(SBI,P211) 他在黑暗中看到的就是这只山羊的眼睛。
It-type强调句的特征是：如果我们把"It be…that…"从句中划去，所剩 的正好是一个完整的句子。例如 上面第一句经过处理后就成了：
Not onlt blind men make such stupid mistakes.
它的意思仍然是完整的，只是强调意味已经失去。实际上"It be…that…" 只不过是一个框架而已，它的各 部份在句子中均不担任成份。
It-type强调句通常可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。但强调状语时， 有几个方面是必须注意的：
1.条件，让步状语从句不能强调，例如：
If it rains,we won't go out.
如果下雨，我们就不出去。
We'll try to finish the work in time though we are short ofman power. 虽然我们缺乏人力，我们还是要设法按时完成这项工作。
不能强调为：
It is if it rains that we won't go out. It is though we are short of manpower that we'll try to finish the work in time.
2.It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调 as,since引导的原因状语从句，例如：
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢，我才干。
可强调为：
It is because I like it that I do it.
下面这个句子则不可以强调：
Since no one is against it,we'll adopt the proposal. 既然没有人反对，这个议案我们就通过了。
3.It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that 引起的结果状语从句，例如：
The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".
六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来，以便他们能"看一看"。 可强调为：
It was so that they could have a "look"that the six blindmen asked the driver to stop the be ast.
下面这个句子则不可以强调：
He didn't plan his time well,so that he didn't finish thework in time. 他没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这项工作。
4.对由until引起的短语或从句强调，要注意否定前移，例如：
I didn't learn it until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道这件事。
写成强调句型应该是：
It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
在中学英语课本中还多次出现"What…be…"结构的句型（简称wh-type强调 句），它同样具有很浓的强调意 味，例如：
What we need is more time.(SBI,P126)
我们需要更多的时间。
我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法，把"What…be…"作为一个框架而划 去，所剩的也是一个完整的句子 ：We need more time.
不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是 What引导一个主语从句，而be则 是系动词，后接表语。
Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语，例如：
But what surprised me most was to see some of the villagepeople seated on the benches at the end of the room.(SBII,P166)
然而，最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后头的长凳上。
But what he was really interested in was beautiful paiutings.（高 中起始本SBⅣ,P170）
但是他真正感兴趣的是美丽的画。
What I feel is hungry.
我所感到的就是饿。
wh-type强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语 补足语的非谓语动词，例如：
What I did was (to) turn off the tap.
我所做的就是把水龙头关了。
What I want you to do is (to) clean the room.
我要你做的就是打扫房间。
注意，这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词 是进行体，那么be之后用-ing形 式和它相配，例如：
Whta I'm doing is teaching him a lesson.
我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。
Wh-type强调句中的what从句，间或也作表语，例如：
This was what they had posted on the bulletin board then!This was what the black smith was r eading!
原来贴在布告牌上的就是这么回事！铁匠在看的原来就是这个！ Wh-type强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who,where或when引起的，它们 通常只用作表语，例如：
The headmaster was who I meant. 我指的就是校长。
Here is where the accident took place. 这儿就是事故发生的地方。
(On)Saturday is when the housewivues are busiest. 星期六是家庭主妇们最忙的日子。
另外也值得一提的是"A is A"这一结构的强调句型，这类句子的语势是很强 的，例如：
You are quite right.Teacher is teacher. 你说得完全对，老师毕竟是老师。
Business is business.One can't too particular. 公事公办，谁也不能特殊。
当名词前带有修饰语时，表语常含有"真正的"的意思，例如： Spoken English is English.
英语口语才是真正的英语。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.(JBII,P5) 患难朋友才是真朋友。
这种句型中的A，如果是who,what,which,则具有"分辨出"的意思，常作 动词tell,know等动词的宾语，例 如：
The two brothers are so nearly alike that I can't tell whois who. 这两兄弟长得太相象了，我简直区分不了。
He's very clear and knows what's what. 他很聪明，懂得是非曲直。

收起