定语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和时间状语从句的特点?麻烦各位给举个例子,并加以说明.最好是例子,】

定语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和时间状语从句的特点?麻烦各位给举个例子,并加以说明.最好是例子,】
定语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和时间状语从句的特点?麻烦各位给举个例子,并加以说明.
最好是例子,】

定语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和时间状语从句的特点?麻烦各位给举个例子,并加以说明.最好是例子,】
名词性从句
一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词,做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句.
二、引导词：1. 连词:that , if, whether, as if
2. 连接代词:who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever
3. 连接副词:when, where, why, because, how
三、引导词的作用：1 连词只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当句子成分.
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当
定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
四、各个句型的注意点
（一） 主语从句
1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数.
2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语,而将主语从句放于句尾.3.由that引导的从句,that虽然没有什么意思,但是却不能省略.
4.WH引导的从句,引导词放于句首,从句用陈述句语序.5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether, 用IT做形式主语之后,主语从句放于句尾时whether与if均可以.
(二)宾语从句
1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略.但下列情况除外：
（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略
（2） and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略.
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略.
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换,但是下列情形除外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语.结构常是：
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
(三)表语从句
1.表示是否时,表语从句的引导词只用whether2.that引起表语从句时,通常不省略.但是在口语中也可以省略或用“,”代替that
1、that引起同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义,但是不可以省略.2、引起同位语从句表示是否时,只用whether.3、定语从句的先行词（名词或代词）在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分,而同位语从句所补充说明的名词或代词在同位语从句中没有任何语法成分.
1.He told me the news that our team won.
2.He told me the news that was very exciting.
3.We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school.
4.We are interested in the news that he told us.
5.He didn’t give the answer why he was late.
6.He didn’t tell the reason why he was late
状语从句
1、时间状语从句
（1）as、when、while用法一览表.
类别 作 用 例 句
as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生. She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生. It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”.主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词.在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
①till, not … until …, until, before, since
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.
It will be five years before he returns from England.
②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once
表示“一……就”
As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call.
Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it
began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.
注意：表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时.
2、让步状语从句
（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用.
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质.
I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等.
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句.要用倒装.
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that
（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后.
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词.如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for.如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因.）
（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分.since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反.
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(3)下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时；
②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时.
4、地点状语从句：where, wherever
Make a mark wherever you have any questions.
We will go where the Party directs us.
5、目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that
注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句.不可置于句首.
6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so … that, such … that …
注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such + 名词 + that从句.
7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)
I’ll do as I am told to.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
8、比较状语从句：than, as
9、条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.
注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … .但if … not and if … not却不受此限.
You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)
但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
（1）连接词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.
Pressure can be incrased when needed.
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 + 现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他
常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等.
定语从句的用法
(一) 定语从句的作用
作用 在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后.
关联词 关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分.
(二) 关系代词的作用
作用 例 句
1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语）
2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语）
2.作表语 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语）
3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语）
5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语）
4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定语）
(三) 须用that引导的定语从句
情 况 例 句
nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代词作先行词时,常用that引导从句.something两者均可. Is there anything that I can do for you?
2.指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时. The first thing that we should do is to help him.
3.指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时. This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
4.指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时. That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
5.先行词既指人又指物时. They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
6.主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时. Who is the man that is standing over there?
Which is the tool that you are looking for?
(四).不可由that引导的定语从句
1.在非限制性定语从句中. Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor .
2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时. This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .
3.由that作先行词时. The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops.
4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代词作先行词时. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
（五）.非限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能用that引导定语从句.2.关系代词不能省略.
（六）关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语.
1． When指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语.例如：
October 1,1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2． Where指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语.例如：
We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.
3. why代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如:
Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?