英语翻译Study ConclusionsOnly recently have stakeholders been consulted in the design and implementation of projects.Review of 7 on-going and completed and planned projects showed that stakeholders consider the inclusion of their viewpoints absol

英语翻译Study ConclusionsOnly recently have stakeholders been consulted in the design and implementation of projects.Review of 7 on-going and completed and planned projects showed that stakeholders consider the inclusion of their viewpoints absol
英语翻译
Study Conclusions
Only recently have stakeholders been consulted in the design and implementation of projects.Review of 7 on-going and completed and planned projects showed that stakeholders consider the inclusion of their viewpoints absolutely essential in preparing compensation,benefit sharing (emoluments and deliver mechanism ) as important ingredients for success of Hydropower project.
For large storage projects stakeholder domain has to be broadened with the inclusion of upstream and downstream beneficiaries.When these groups are not consulted or brought int the benefit sharing packages (e.g.royalty) there is resistance which is more than obvious by attempts to stall projects.
Continued……Study Conclusions
Since ROR projects interfere in only a minor/temporarily manner in disturbing flows the affectees are often within the impact area or the municipality in which the project is undertaken.Thus stakeholders feel that it is the impact area that should be targeted.
Provincial governments are important stakeholders,especially on river portions that involve upper lower riparian and trans-boundary issues (e.g.AJK,Punjab,and KPK).Under these circumstance developers and private companies must engage in negotiated settlements with these governments to resolve issues of benefit sharing which are often beyond the direct impact created in the project area.
Continued…… Study Conclusions
Stakeholders were also ranked according to influence they have on decision making .It was found that Federal and provincial governments,WAPDA,financiers,those impacted by the project (direct,indirect and downstream) for large dam projects were all influential.Besides these the political economy participant’s interest groups (oil and gas),MNA’s,MPA’s and the senate influence decisions on Hydropower projects.Formation of special committees for Water Flows and Apportionment indirectly influence decisions in a rather subtle manner.The relative importance of the identified stakeholder’s changes with regimes forms of government and power base of its executives within the government,bureaucracy,political affiliations etc.
Benefits of Hydropower Projects:
Present Regulatory Framework with PPIB,NEPRA base licensing agreements and private sector participation contingent upon the allowable tariff (with return on equity 18 percent) and water user charges.This results in skewedness of the true returns that accrue from the project and excludes important benefits like (environment,navigation,drinking water,flood control,infrastructure development) which result form the project.

英语翻译Study ConclusionsOnly recently have stakeholders been consulted in the design and implementation of projects.Review of 7 on-going and completed and planned projects showed that stakeholders consider the inclusion of their viewpoints absol
研究结论
直到近期股东才参与了有关项目设计与实施的协商.审核了在建的,已完工的,以及计划中的共7个项目后表明,股东认为他们的观点对于赔偿金和利润分享(薪酬和交付机制)来说是绝对必要的,是水电站项目成功的重要保证.

研究结论
直到最近，利益相关者被咨询的设计与工程实施。7审查正在进行和完成和计划的项目表明，利益相关者考虑列入他们的观点绝对必不可少的制备补偿，利益共享（酬金和交付机制）作为重要的成功要素的水电工程。
大型储罐项目利益相关者的领域已扩大的上游和下游的受益者。当这些团体没有咨询或带来的利益共享软件包（例如皇室）有阻力，更明显的企图失速项目。
继续......研究结论
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研究结论
直到最近，利益相关者被咨询的设计与工程实施。7审查正在进行和完成和计划的项目表明，利益相关者考虑列入他们的观点绝对必不可少的制备补偿，利益共享（酬金和交付机制）作为重要的成功要素的水电工程。
大型储罐项目利益相关者的领域已扩大的上游和下游的受益者。当这些团体没有咨询或带来的利益共享软件包（例如皇室）有阻力，更明显的企图失速项目。
继续......研究结论
自干扰误差项目只有一小的/暂时方式扰流affectees往往是在冲击区或直辖市该项目进行。因此，利益相关者认为它是影响区域的目标应该是。
省政府是重要的利益相关者，特别是在河部分涉及上下河岸和跨界问题（例如公司，旁遮普，和kpk）。这些情况下，开发商和私人公司必须进行谈判解决与这些政府解决问题的利益共享，往往超出了直接影响创造了在项目区。
继续......研究结论
利益相关者也排名根据他们对决策的影响。结果发现，联邦和各省政府，巴基斯坦水电开发署，金融家，那些受影响的项目（直接，间接和下游）大型水坝项目都有影响力。除了这些政治经济参与者的利益团体（石油和天然气），表，兆帕斯卡和参议院决定对水电工程影响。形成专门委员会的水流量和分摊的间接影响的决定，在一个相当微妙的方式。相对重要性的确定利益相关者的变化与政权的政府形式和权力基础的高管在政府，官僚，政治背景等。
益水电项目：
目前的管理框架与ppib，nepra基地许可协议和私营部门参与取决于允许关税（有股本回报率百分之18）和水用户收费。这样的结果skewedness的真实收益产生的项目和排除重要好处（环境，导航，饮用水，防洪，基础设施的发展），结果表项目。

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