英语翻译The latest research suggests a more prosaic,democratic,even puritanical view of the world.The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark.It’s not I.Q.,a generally bad predictor of success,even in r

英语翻译The latest research suggests a more prosaic,democratic,even puritanical view of the world.The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark.It’s not I.Q.,a generally bad predictor of success,even in r
英语翻译
The latest research suggests a more prosaic,democratic,even puritanical view of the world.The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark.It’s not I.Q.,a generally bad predictor of success,even in realms like chess.Instead,it’s deliberate practice.Top performers spend more hours (many more hours) rigorously practicing their craft.If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop,you’d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average verbal ability.It wouldn’t have to be a big talent,just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction.Then you would want her to meet,say,a novelist,who coincidentally shared some similar biographical traits.Maybe the writer was from the same town,had the same ethnic background,or,shared the same birthday.
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12,giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fueling a desperate need for success.Armed with this ambition,she would read novels and life stories of writers without end.This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She’d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly perceive its inner workings.
Then she would practice writing.Her practice would be slow,painstaking and error-focused.By practicing in this way,she delays the automatizing process.Her mind wants to turn conscious,newly learned skills into unconscious,automatically performed skills.By practicing slowly,by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating,she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance.Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback,viewing her performance from the outside,correcting the smallest errors,pushing her to take on tougher challenges.By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times.She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.
The primary trait she possesses is not some mysterious genius.It’s the ability to develop a purposeful,laborious and boring practice routine.The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement.But it underlines a fact that is often neglected.Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do.And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities.But the brain is also very plastic.We construct ourselves through behavior.

英语翻译The latest research suggests a more prosaic,democratic,even puritanical view of the world.The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark.It’s not I.Q.,a generally bad predictor of success,even in r
最近的一项研究提出了对于这个世界的一种更乏味、民主、甚至更严格的看法.将天才和那些仅仅是学识渊博的人区分开来的关键因素不是灵感的闪现.并不是智商成就了天才,智商并不能很好的预言成功,甚至是在国际象棋这样的领域.是后天的练习造就了天才.表现最好的那些人往往花上远远多于常人的时间进行严格个练习.如果你想知道一个典型的天才是怎么培养出来的,你需要观察的可能只是一个语言能力稍微高出常人一点的女孩.这并不需要她具有多么大的天赋,只要能让她有一点优越感就够了.然后,你会让她见一个人,假设是一个小说家,而这个小说家恰好和这个女孩有着一些共同点.或许这个作家和女孩来自相同的城镇,有着相同的种族背景,或者是同一天出生的.
这样的联系会让女孩预想到自己的未来.这会让她想到一些她将来可能加入的很让人着迷的领域.如果她因为在12岁的时候失去过父亲或者母亲而感到极度的不安和迫切的想要成功,这也会带来一定的帮助.有了这些期望,她会不断的阅读小说和作者的传纪.这帮她储备了这一领域的基础知识.她将有能力更深入的阅读并迅速的察觉到其内在的用意.然后,她会练习写作.她的练习过程会是缓慢的、艰辛的、需要不断纠正的.通过这样的锻炼,她延缓了自发的过程.她的大脑想要将有意识的、新学到的技能变成无意识的、自发的能力.通过渐进的训练、重复练习每个细小的技巧,她迫使大脑将更好的表现模式内化.然后,她会找到一个能提供持续反馈、观察她的表现、纠正细小的错误、引导她面对更艰难的挑战的顾问.现在,她开始重新面对问题——我该怎样让人物一次次的进入房间.她开始建立思维习惯好让她理解或解决以后会遇到的问题.她所拥有的最重要的特性不是什么神秘的天分,而是进行有目的性的、辛苦的、乏味的练习过程的能力.这份最新的研究给巨大的成就去除了一些魔幻的色彩.但是它强调了一个常被忽略的事实.公众的讨论被遗传学和我们“注定”要做的所影响.基因确实在一定程度上影响了我们的能力,但是大脑的可塑性也是很强的,我们可以通过行为还构建自己.