英语翻译We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.

英语翻译We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.
英语翻译
We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.

英语翻译We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.
首先,面对长句,要先找到句子的主干.面对这种有插入句的长句,找主干的第一步就是暂时先忽略两个破折号中间的句子.那么这个长句剩下的内容就是：
We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant,a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.-此句标记为 句1.
那么 句 1 的主干是什么呢?句 1 中,逗号后面的一长串内容其实是由whose 引导用于修饰 "a man" 的定语从句.也就是说,逗号后面的内容不属于主句,只是对Kant这个人的补充性描述.于是,我们就得到了主句：
We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant.此句标记为 句 2.
找到的主干 句 2,其实就是一个比较简单的单句了,此处可译为：我们要用这幅图片作为 艾曼努尔.康德画像的背景.原句剩余的部分还有：
a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution - 此部分标记为 part A
the greatest philosopher of all time - 此部分标记为 part B
先翻简单的.
Part B 可以翻译为,“史上最伟大的哲学家”.
剩下的是看上去结构比较复杂的 part A.这里说看上去复杂,主要是因为楼主在提问中提到的 "of that of many" 这个地方比较有迷惑性,但是如果把 "that" 指代的内容搞清楚,其实也没有多复杂了."that" 所指的应该是句中在它之前出现过的sth.,是个名词,而前面出现过的名词也就这几个"a man","philosophy","the basis",肯定不会是"the basis",否则该结构就变成"the basis of the basis",不通,同理"the basis of the man",也解释不通；于是只剩下"philosophy",带入该结构,我们的 part A 就变成了:
a man whose philosophy formed the basis of (the) philosophy of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.-此部分标记为 part B+.
我们再来看 part B+ 的结构分析.既然是一个由whose引导的定语从句,就先把中心语 "a man" 忽略掉,直接看从句部分,同时根据其内容做一个顺序上的修改,就变成了：
Kant's philosophy formed the basis of (the) philosophy of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.- 此句标记为 句 3.
很烦人的一个句子,有3个 of 跟一个 who.依然按照分析主干的方法,可以把 句 3 分解成一下的部分：
Kant's philosophy formed the basis of philosophy - (whose philosophy?)
- many of our founding forefathers' philosophy -(what did they do?)
- they framed the Constitutuion.
好了.现在原来看似复杂的长句已经被彻底分解了.
整个长句的翻译如下：
我们要用这幅图片作为 艾曼努尔.康德画像的背景——康德是世上最伟大的哲学家,他的研究成果为我们的开国前辈们的哲学认识奠定了理论基础,而正是这些前辈们制定了我国的宪法草案.

that of many指代philosophy of many (philosophoers)，此处用that指代前文出现的philosophy，但是只用that则无法完全表达意思，所以加上of many

We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who frame...

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We will use this picture as a backdrop for a picture of Immanuel Kant—the greatest philosopher of all time—a man whose philosophy formed the basis of that of many of our founding forefathers who framed the Constitution.

这是一个句子，主句We will use this picture ，AS 后属于介词短语作方式状语

a man 后接同位语，表示进一步说明，whose 后接定语从句


the basis of that of many of our ...that 指代philosophy

many 指代our founding forefathers

中译：我们将使用空前最伟大的哲学家伊曼努尔康德的照片作为背景。他是众多创建哲学体系的先辈们中最先奠定哲学基础的哲学家。

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