what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
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what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点
“疑问词+不定式动词”其主要功用有下列五种:
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语,如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语,如:
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语,如:
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand”等.
有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:
● I could not decide which dictonary to buy./ I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构.例如:
● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
● Have you told him where to get the application form?
What to do 是做什么的意思,How to do it 是怎么做。前一句问的是do的对象,是问宾语,后一句问的是做的方法,特指一件事"it".
1、what to do补充成完整表达就是have what to do(有什么事情要做,what可以等效替换成sth),其中的what类似于汉语中的“兼语”(what作have的宾语,同时兼作do的宾语),严格地说此处的to do应该为to be done,但由于英语中“将错就错”和“以讹传讹”的缘故,大家图简单都习惯了用“主动”形式来表示“被动”。
汉语语法上的“兼语”是指某个名词或类...
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1、what to do补充成完整表达就是have what to do(有什么事情要做,what可以等效替换成sth),其中的what类似于汉语中的“兼语”(what作have的宾语,同时兼作do的宾语),严格地说此处的to do应该为to be done,但由于英语中“将错就错”和“以讹传讹”的缘故,大家图简单都习惯了用“主动”形式来表示“被动”。
汉语语法上的“兼语”是指某个名词或类似于名词的词类既作前一个动词的“宾语”,又作后一个动词的“主语”(比如说,“叫某人吃饭”中的“某人”就是兼语,它既做叫的宾语,又作吃的主语),英语中没有“兼语”这一提法,而是用“不定式”这一非谓语动词形式来解决“一个句子中(紧挨着)连续出现2个行为动词”的问题,由于英语中所有的“行为动词”都能作谓语,但一个句子只有一套“主谓”结构,于是乎,不定式中带的行为动词就视为“非谓语动词”了。不定式的核心功能就体现在这里。
2、how to do it补充成完整表达就是know how to do it(知道如何去做某事)。其中,do it是动宾结构,to do是不定式(用于连接2个连续的行为动词,并把后面的行为动词“非谓语化”,以保证一个句子只有一个谓语,how作to do的方式状语,how to do it一起作know的补语。
简言之,what to do强调动作的对象what,结构上what就是do的宾语,而how to do it强调动作的方式how,必须要有个it去作do的宾语,否则句子结构上不完整。
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