英语翻译As seen in several Annual Review of Psychology articles on culture and psychology published since the year 1990 (see,e.g.,Gelfand et al.2007a,Heine & Buchtel 2009 for the most recent reviews),considerable progress has been made in the pas

英语翻译As seen in several Annual Review of Psychology articles on culture and psychology published since the year 1990 (see,e.g.,Gelfand et al.2007a,Heine & Buchtel 2009 for the most recent reviews),considerable progress has been made in the pas
英语翻译
As seen in several Annual Review of Psychology articles on culture and psychology published since the year 1990 (see,e.g.,Gelfand et al.2007a,Heine & Buchtel 2009 for the most recent reviews),considerable progress has been made in the past two decades.Much of thiswork initially focused on systematic comparisons between Western cultures (as exemplified by North American cultures) and Eastern cultures (as exemplified by East Asian cultures) (e.g.,Kitayama et al.2006a,Markus & Kitayama 1991,Nisbett et al.2001).Unlike its predecessors that used surveys as the primary instrument (e.g.,Hofstede 1980),this new work relied much more heavily on experimental methods and suggested that some fundamental aspects of
basic psychological processes such as cognition,emotion,and motivation can be systematically influenced by culture.Although this work was guided by the general hypothesis that social orientation of independence versus interdependence or individualism versus collectivism is a key dimension underlying the cultural variation (Markus & Kitayama 1991,Triandis 1989),researchers have also examined alternative dimensions including honor (Nisbett & Cohen 1996),tightness (Gelfand et al.2007b),religiosity (Cohen & Rozin 2001),and hierarchy,(Shavitt et al.2010) among others.

英语翻译As seen in several Annual Review of Psychology articles on culture and psychology published since the year 1990 (see,e.g.,Gelfand et al.2007a,Heine & Buchtel 2009 for the most recent reviews),considerable progress has been made in the pas
纵观1990年以后发表的一些关于文化与心理的心理学年度评论文章（比如最近的2007年的Gelfand et al.,和2009年的Heine & Buchtel）,在过去的20年间已经取得了可观的进步.大部分作品都主动专注于东西文化的系统比较,（正如东亚文化和北美文化中所提到的和2006年的Kitayama et al. ,1991年的 Markus & Kitayama ,2001年的 Nisbett et al. ）不像前人在1980年的Hofstede那样只把调查当做是最重要的工具,这些新的作品更加注重于实践方法,并且还指出一些基本心理过程的基本方面：比如说认知、情感和动机都会受到文化的影响.尽管这些作品都是由一些通俗的假设所引导：独立的社会导向、独立或者个人主义和集体主义是文化差异的重要体现 (Markus & Kitayama 1991, Triandis 1989) .研究者还发现这些不同的体现还表现在荣誉、紧密性、宗教性,还有等级制度等等.
确实有些难哈、