英语翻译We currently believe that the earth's crust -the rocky part of the earth -is composed of several large,rigid plates.These plates are being created at some edges and being destroyed at others.They're also moving across the earth.This theor

英语翻译We currently believe that the earth's crust -the rocky part of the earth -is composed of several large,rigid plates.These plates are being created at some edges and being destroyed at others.They're also moving across the earth.This theor
英语翻译
We currently believe that the earth's crust -the rocky part of the earth -is composed of several large,rigid plates.These plates are being created at some edges and being destroyed at others.They're also moving across the earth.This theory is called plate tectonics.It was first put forth in 1963 by a Canadian geophysicist by the name of Tuzo Wilson.
Tuzo Wilson was instrumental in advancing the theory of plate tectonics.He suggested that the Hawaiian and other volcanic island chains might have formed as a result of the movement of a plate over a motionless "hotspot " in the earth's mantle.Hundreds of studies have proved that Wilson was right.However,in the early 1960's,his idea was considered so radical that his "hotspot" manuscript was initially rejected by all the major international scientific journals.
Basically,plates are areas of the earth's crust that move as a unit.At the present time ,there are eight large plates,as well as a similar number of smaller plates.
According to the theory of plate tectonics,a plate has three kinds of boundaries with other plates:oceanic ridges,oceanic trenches,and transform faults.Most of the world's earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries.This is what you'd expect because plate boundaries are where a great deal of friction and stress occur.
At plate boundaries,a couple of things can happen.One is that rock is forced up from the mantle in molten form as lava-at ridges.Another is that rock is melted and forced back into the mantle-at trenches.This process of rock being "swallowed" or forced back into the earth's mantle is called subduction.During subduction ,as a plate dives into the depths,we think part of it finds its way back to the surface in the form of volcanoes.
the theory of plate tectonics and the discovety of sea floor spreading have confirmed the theory of continental drift,the movement of continents.Sea floor spreading was discovered in the North Atlantic,and soon afterward in all other oceans.What we found is that-in the areas around oceanic ridges-the deep sea floor is formed by rising lava,which then spreads out sideways in both directions.
So,does the spreading of the ocean floor mean that the surface of the earth is increasing No,not in the least.Sea floor spreading doesn't cause an increase in the earth's surface.And why not?Because the lava that rises and spreads from the oceanic ridges sinks again elsewhere in subduction zones,which are nearly identical with the ocean trenches.
Subduction zones are areas of frequent earthquakes and are usually associated with the rows of volcanic islands that accompany the oceanic trenches.Subduction is currently happening beneath island arcs,like Japan.Subduction is also taking place on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America,beyond the end of the San Andreas Fault.This is where a subducted plate is thought to have disappeared beneath the North American plate in recent geological time
最后还有一句：,leaving the volcanoes of the Cascade Range as evidence of its past existence.一些专业词汇我翻译的十分别扭,所以就打字了半天来找网上达人求助啊

英语翻译We currently believe that the earth's crust -the rocky part of the earth -is composed of several large,rigid plates.These plates are being created at some edges and being destroyed at others.They're also moving across the earth.This theor
下面是自己翻译的,语言很粗糙,也不知道专业名词是不是都翻译正确了,希望对你能有点帮助吧~~O(∩_∩)O~
现在人们认为地壳由几部分巨大坚硬的版块组成.这些版块在某个边缘产生,又在某个边缘消失.他们也在地球上运动,这个理论叫做板块漂移说.它在1963年首次由一位加拿大地球地理学家Tuzo Wilson提出.
Tuzo Wilson 对于板块漂移说的发展是有贡献的.他提出夏威夷和其他火山群岛的产生可能是由于地幔上稳定的“热点”随着板块移动的结果.许许多多的研究已经证实了Wilson的观点是正确的.但是,在20世纪60年代早期,他的观点被认为是激进的,使得他的“热点”假说一开始被所有的主流国际科学杂志所排斥.
从根本上说,板块就是地壳上作为一个整体移动的区域.目前,地球上有八个大的板块和一个相似的小板块.
根据板块漂移理论,一个板块与其他板块有三种边界：洋脊,海沟和转换断层.世界上大多数地震和火山活动就发生在板块边界上.这是很容易理解的,因为板块边界是大量摩擦和压力现象发生的地方.
在板块边界上,有两件事可能发生.一件是地幔中的液态岩石（比如岩浆）被从洋脊中挤压出来.另一件是岩石融化,通过海沟被挤压回地幔中.这个岩石被“吞噬”或者被挤压回地幔的过程叫做隐没.我们认为在隐没发生时,其中一部分岩浆又以火山爆发的形式回到地球表面.
板块漂移理论和海底扩张现象的发现证实了大陆漂移说.海底扩张现象是在北大西洋发现的,之后不久在其他海域也发现了相同的现象.我们发现,在洋脊周围的区域,海底是由岩浆上升之后向两边扩散形成的.
这样说来,是不是海底扩张就意味着地球表面在上升呢?不,绝不是这样.海底扩张并不能引起地球表面上升.这是为什么呢?因为从洋脊上升扩散的岩浆会在其他地方的隐没带下沉（几乎和海沟的分布一致）.
隐没带是地震频发带,并且通常和海洋中的火山群岛在一起.隐没目前发生在岛弧（像日本）之下.同时,隐没也发生在太平洋西北岸北美地区,San Andreas断层以外的区域.这就是在最近的地质时期,隐没板块消失的地方,只留下Cascade山脉上的火山作为它曾经存在过的证据.