急求!用英文介绍英国的君主制或议会制

急求!用英文介绍英国的君主制或议会制
急求!用英文介绍英国的君主制或议会制

急求!用英文介绍英国的君主制或议会制
The British Example
The British Parliamentary system works like this:There are two houses of the legislature.The upper house,the House of Lords,has traditionally consisted of the nobility of Britain:dukes,earls,viscounts,barons,and bishops.As of 2005,the very existence of the House of Lords is in question.There are some calling for its abolition,but a combination elected/lifetime appointment system seems more likely.A popular proposal calls for 80% of the body to be elected and the name to change to the "Second Chamber." In 1999,the House of Lords had over 1300 members.Today,there are just over 700 members.The House of Lords serves a judicial function as a court of final appeal,but as a legislative body,is widely regarded as ineffectual.It can delay passage of bills issued by the lower house,though it cannot veto them.
The lower house,the House of Commons,consists of MPs (Members of Parliament) elected from one of 646 electoral districts.In the Commons,majority rules.The majority party makes all the laws.The minority has little voice.The Prime Minister,Britain's closest approximation of the American President,is an MP chosen by the majority.The judiciary has no power of review as in the U.S.Since Britain has no formal,written constitution,no law can be unconstitutional.
The head of state,analogous still with the American President,is the monarch (King or Queen).The monarch must approve of all bills,though the process today is little more than a rubber stamp.The Speaker of the House of Commons,elected by the House,acts as the referee in debate between the majority and the minority.The MPs in the House of Commons sit for five years,or until the monarch (at the Prime Minister's behest) dissolves Parliament and calls for new elections.The Prime Minister also heads the Cabinet.
In Britain,the majority party in the House of Commons holds all of the power.The judiciary has no power of review.The House of Lords holds little more than delaying powers.By tradition,the monarch does not veto bills passed by the Parliament.And the de facto head of state,the Prime Minister,is a member of the Commons.