请英语好的各位帮忙总结一下初中阶段英语里的各种从句

请英语好的各位帮忙总结一下初中阶段英语里的各种从句
请英语好的各位帮忙总结一下初中阶段英语里的各种从句

请英语好的各位帮忙总结一下初中阶段英语里的各种从句
定语从句〔概念〕
在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的词叫关联词.
〔关联词〕
常见的关联词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词where,when,why等.
〔种类〕
1.由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语.如：
The comrade that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人.
Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
The letter that(which)I received yesterday was from my father.昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的.
2.由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语.如：
This is the thief who stole my bike.这就是偷我自行车的那个贼.
He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那个男孩.
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你.
3.由which引导的定语从句
which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语.如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called"Red Star Over China".妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》.
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆.
4.由where,when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语,when在从句中作时间状语,why在从句中作原因状语.如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天.
He will go back to the school where he studied next week.下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校.
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin.我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因.
〔注意点〕
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词常省去.如：The play(which)I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次.
宾语从句
公式：主语＋某些可以接从句的及物动词＋从句（这里的从句就是宾语从句）
可以接宾语从句的动词常用的有：say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如：afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等
宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题.
① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如：
I know he didn't come.我知道他没来.
I know he will come tomorrow.我知道他明天来.
I know he has gone to London.我知道他已去伦敦了.
② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种.比如：一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时.除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态.如：
I wanted to know when he would come.
The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.
表语从句
一 定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语.be动词后有that的是表语从句
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
False:The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right:The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）.
False:The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right:The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right:It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.
Right:The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right:The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉.
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词