英语翻译Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion RateThe reactivity of salt baths combined with their high heatcapacity and direct contact with the steel surface create betterpossibilities for nitrogen penetration than in gas nitriding.This especia

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:六六作业网 时间:2024/12/24 09:02:58
英语翻译ReactivityofSaltBathsandDiffusionRateThereactivityofsaltbathscombinedwiththeirhighheatcapacityan

英语翻译Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion RateThe reactivity of salt baths combined with their high heatcapacity and direct contact with the steel surface create betterpossibilities for nitrogen penetration than in gas nitriding.This especia
英语翻译
Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion Rate
The reactivity of salt baths combined with their high heat
capacity and direct contact with the steel surface create better
possibilities for nitrogen penetration than in gas nitriding.
This especially concerns cases where the gas process is conducted
at reduced pressure and requires additional measures
for improving the reactivity.
278 K.Funatani
TABLE 1.Nitriding Methods,Materials,and Characteristics of Diffusion Layer
Method Temperature,K Steel
Thickness of compound
layer,\5m
Thickness of diffusion
layer,\5m
Reference
Tufftride TF1 853 1015 \1,13 800 [2,3]
The same 1045 \1,13 780
\x06 \x06 34Cr4 \1,10 480
\x06 \x06 X210Cr12 – 160
Tufftride NS1 843 1015 \1,12 780 [6]
843 SCM435 \1,8 171
“Soft” nitriding in gas medium 843 SS2250 \2\3,\1(?) 353 [7]
“Soft” nitriding in gas medium 793 38CrMoAl \2\3,\1 :(5) 78 – 97 [8]
40Cr \2\3,\1 :(4) 63 – 80
Gas nitriding 773 SAE9254 (\1,\2\3 :5) 49 [9]
Plasma nitriding 793 (pulsed) 722M24 12 h 72 [10]
793 (DC) \x06
Plasma nitriding 833 En40B (–) 100 [11]
813 En19 (–) 110
793 Nirtaps (–) 46
823 36CrMo (–) 100 [12]
823 \x06 + 0.1Y (–) 200
823 \x06 + 0.1Ce (–) 215
Low-temperature salt bath
nitriding (Palsonite)
753 SKD61 \1 :1.5 150 [6]
843 \x06 \1:4 + (CrN) 106
753 SCM435 \1 :4 141 [6]
843 \x06 \1 200
Such treatment is recommended for steels
with a high content of alloying elements,
chromium in particular,which form a protective
oxide film on the surface and delay the
beginning of nitrogen diffusion.The process
is accelerated by acid etching,shot blasting,
or cathode ion sputtering.The energy of
plasma,ionization,and some other treatment
techniques,for example nitriding with the use
of radicals,can raise the reactivity.
The data on the earlier developed Tufftride
process stimulated its wide use at plants
engaged in mechanical treatment of car parts
and in shipbuilding.Today,the parameters obtained
by the DEGUSSA Company in the development
of the Durferrit process have become
a goal to be reached in other nitriding
processes.However,in order to raise the efficiency
of nitriding and reduce its cost,it is
necessary to consider the problems connected
with the chemical efficiency of processes conducted
in salt baths without hazard to ecology.
The diffusion rate in nitriding depends on
the amount of alloying elements,especially
chromium.It can be seen from Table 1 that
the thickness of the diffusion layer depends on the type of the
alloying elements.However,the main characteristic of nitrogen
diffusion in carbon steels C15 and C45 is its rate.The
diffusion rates in \7- and \2-phases and in \1 and \2\3 compounds
differ,but the nitrogen potential is the highest in salt bath
treatment.As follows from Tables 1 and 2,in this case the final
result is obtained in the shortest time.

英语翻译Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion RateThe reactivity of salt baths combined with their high heatcapacity and direct contact with the steel surface create betterpossibilities for nitrogen penetration than in gas nitriding.This especia
反应性的盐浴和扩散率
结合其高温盐浴的反应性
容量和钢表面直接接触,创建更好
气体渗氮比氮渗透的可能性.
这尤其是涉及的案件进行了气体过程是
减少压力和需要采取的其他措施
提高活性.
278 K.Funatani
表 1.氮化方法、 材料和扩散层特征
方法温度、 K 钢
厚度的化合物
层 \5m
厚度的扩散
层 \5m
参考
软氮化法国队 853 1015年 \1,13 800 [2、 3]
同一 1045年 \1,13 780
\x06 \x06 34Cr4 \1,10 480
\x06 \x06 X210Cr12-160
软氮化 NS1 843 1015年 \1,12 780 [6]
843 SCM435 \1、 8 171
"软"氮化在气体介质 843 SS2250 \2\3、 \1 ) 353 [7]
"软"氮化在气体介质 793 38CrMoAl \2\3,\1:(5) 78 — — 97 [8]
40Cr \2\3,\1:(4) 63-80
气体渗氮 773 SAE9254 (\1,\2\3:5) 49 [9]
等离子体渗氮 793 (脉冲) 722 M 24 12 h 72 [10]
793 (DC) \x06
等离子体渗氮 833 En40B (-) 100 [11]
813 En19 (-) 110
793 Nirtaps (-) 46
823 36CrMo (-) 100 [12]
823 \x06 + 0.1Y (-) 200
823 \x06 + 0.1Ce (-) 215
低温盐浴
氮化 (Palsonite)
753 SKD61 \1:1.5 150 [6]
843 \x06 \1:4 + (CrN) 106
753 SCM435 \1:4 141 [6]
843 \x06 \1 200
这种治疗建议钢
高掺量合金元素,
特别是构成保护中铬
氧化膜的表面和延迟
氮扩散的开始.进程
酸蚀,丸,被加速
或阴极离子溅射.能源
血浆、 电离和一些其他待遇
技术,例如使用的氮化
自由基,可以提高反应.
较早前的发达国家软氮化数据
过程激发其广泛的使用,在植物
从事汽车零部件机械处理
在造船.今天,获得的参数
由德固赛公司发展
迪尔费里进程已经成为
在其他氮化达成目标
进程.但是,为了提高效率
渗氮和降低其成本,它是
要考虑的问题
化学过程的效率进行
在不危害生态的盐浴.
渗氮的扩散率取决于
量的合金元素,特别
铬.从表 1 可以看出它的
扩散层厚度取决于类型的
合金元素.然而,氮的主要特征
C15 和 C45 碳钢中的扩散是其速度."
在 \7 和 \2 阶段和 \1 和 \2\3 的化合物中的扩散率
各不相同,但在盐浴氮势是最高的
治疗.为遵循从表 1 和 2,在这种情况下决赛
结果,在最短的时间内得到.

反应活性的盐浴和扩散率
盐浴的反应性结合他们的高热量
容量和直接接触钢表面创造更好的
氮渗透的可能性比在气体氮化。
这个特别关注的案例,气过程进行了
以减少的压力,需要额外的措施
为提高反应活性。
Funatani 278 k .
表1。氮化方法、材料及特点的扩散层
方法温度、钾钢
厚度的复合
层,m
...

全部展开

反应活性的盐浴和扩散率
盐浴的反应性结合他们的高热量
容量和直接接触钢表面创造更好的
氮渗透的可能性比在气体氮化。
这个特别关注的案例,气过程进行了
以减少的压力,需要额外的措施
为提高反应活性。
Funatani 278 k .
表1。氮化方法、材料及特点的扩散层
方法温度、钾钢
厚度的复合
层,m
厚度的扩散
层,m
参考
Tufftride 1015、13 800 853 TF1(2、3)
同一1045、13 780
34Cr4,10 480
X210Cr12 - 160
Tufftride NS1 843 1015、12 780[6]
843 SCM435、8 171
“软”氮化在气体介质843 SS2250,(?)[7]353
“软”氮化在气体介质793 38CrMoAl,:(5)[8]78 - 97
(4):优质,63 - 80次
SAE9254气体氮化773:5),49[9]
等离子氮化793 722M24(脉冲)[10]12小时72
793(DC)
等离子氮化833 En40B(-)100[11]
813 En19 110(-)
Nirtaps 793 46(-)
823 36CrMo(-)100[12]
823 + 0.1Y(-)200
823 + 0.1Ce(-)215
低温盐浴
氮化(Palsonite)
753 SKD61:1.5 150[6]
843:4 +(施用量)106
141:4个753 SCM435[6]
843 200
用钢的,这样的治疗建议
与合金元素的含量高,
特别是,铬形成保护膜
氧化膜表面上及延缓
开始的氮扩散。这个过程
利用酸性蚀刻,加快丸,
离子溅射或阴极。能量的
等离子体,电离,以及其他一些治疗
技术,例如氮化与使用
激进分子,可以提高的反应活性。
开发上的数据Tufftride早些时候
其广泛应用于过程刺激植物
从事机械处理的汽车配件
在造船技术。今天,这个参数得到了
德固赛集团公司的发展
Durferrit已经成为的过程
要达到一个目标在其他氮化
过程。然而,为了提高效率
对氮化,降低开发成本,它是
要考虑的问题,它的
过程与化学效率进行了研究
在盐浴没有危险的生态环境。
在氮化的扩散速率取决于
一定数量的合金元素,更是如此
铬。可以看出,从表1
扩散层的厚度取决于该类型的
合金元素。然而,氮的主要特征
比如,扩散炭素钢C45是它的速度。这
-phases扩散率和——和化合物
有分歧,但氮潜力最高的盐浴
治疗。如下在表格1和2,在这种情况下进入决赛
结果在最短的时间内。

收起

Second Period of Reactivity 英语翻译Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion RateThe reactivity of salt baths combined with their high heatcapacity and direct contact with the steel surface create betterpossibilities for nitrogen penetration than in gas nitriding.This especia Reactivity of Salt Baths and Diffusion Rate The reactivity of salt baths combined with their high h 英语翻译The distribution of electrons in atoms,molecules,andsolids determin nearly all of their physical and chemical properties,withstructure and reactivity being those of greatest interest to the chemist. 英语翻译Reactivity thus depends not so much on the amount of substituent or nature of the polymorph as on the types and concentrations of defects.怎么翻译 那个as是表转折还是什么啊? Our investigations continued with determination of the stability and reactivity of the two componenOur investigations continued with determination of thestability and reactivity of the two components in biologicalmedia.In vitro assays in PBS,serum,an 英语翻译Exogenously applied SA-induced PR proteins mainly at the side of application,in contrast to pathogens that induced PR proteins systemically.SA指的是水杨酸。 英语翻译reactivity testing takes place on a dry time measuring apparatus.A needle is drawn constant rate over a planar glass plate The photoinitiator-comprising formulation is applied to this glass plate using a doctor blade with a slot height of Comparison of structure and reactivity of bis(2-aminoethyl)amine- and bis(2-aminoethyl)amido-chlorog 求 文章 谢谢J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1980, 220-223DOI: 10.1039/DT9800000220 , Paper Reactivity of Metals (实验报告)1TopicReactivity of Metals2Goal3Instructions1Materials:Na,Mg,Al,Ca,Cu,HCl(0.5M),distilled water2Possible observationsIf there is any reaction between metal and acid,metal and water3InstructionsMix metal with aci 英语翻译One variety of partially biodegradable plastic bverage container is manufactured form small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bounding agent such sa cornstarch.Since only the bonding agent degrades,leveing the small bits of p 英语翻译.+COMMERCIAL INVOICE ISSUED IN 3 ORIGINALS AND 3 COPIES INDICATINGGOODS VALUE,COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF GOODS,UNIT VALUE,TOTAL VALUE,PURCHASE CONDITION,ISSUED TO THE ORDER OF CENCOSUD SA,INVOICENUMBER AND DATE,ITEMS DESCRIPTION,INCOTERM CONDIT 英语翻译xiexiela jiang yi xia hao le sa! 英语翻译Could you please advise what SA stand for? 英语翻译Although the greater part of the decision in Man Truck & Bus(SA) (Pty) Ltd v Dusbus Leasing CC & others 2004 (1) SA 454 (W)deals primarily with procedural law,it nevertheless makes very interesting reading for the law of suretyship. 英语翻译Although the greater part of the decision in Man Truck & Bus(SA) (Pty) Ltd v Dusbus Leasing CC & others 2004 (1) SA 454 (W)deals primarily with procedural law,it nevertheless makes very interesting reading for the law of suretyship.不要 英语翻译The Hearst Castle in California houses the Nine Muses Sarcophagus,a 3rd Century sculptural masterpiece.Thermo Scientific NITON XRF analyzers were called in for the task of nondestructive analysis of the paints and pigments found on the sa 英语翻译It has been proved that by carefully controlling the rate of cooling of the temperature,SA can find theglobal optimum.However,this requires infinite time.Fast annealing and very fast simulated re-annealing (VFSR) or adaptive simulated ann