我想找一些关于化学纤维的英语

我想找一些关于化学纤维的英语
我想找一些关于化学纤维的英语

我想找一些关于化学纤维的英语
Using natural or synthetic polymer material as raw material, the chemical or physical methods and processing system for the fiber collectively. Because of different sources used by the polymers can be divided into the natural polymer material as raw material in the man-made fibres and synthetic polymer material for synthetic fiber raw materials. Preparation of chemical fibers, is usually the first natural or synthetic polymer made from inorganic substances or melt spinning or solution, and then filtered, measurement, the first by the spinneret (board) out of a small liquid flow, and then Solidification from fiber. At this time of the fiber known as the primary fiber, and its poor mechanical properties, must go through a series of post-processing can meet the requirements of the textile processing and use. After processing mainly fiber tensile and heat setting to enhance the mechanical properties of fiber size and stability. Drawing fiber is the primary element in the structure of macromolecules, or along the fiber axis orientation; heat setting is the main fiber in the stress relaxation. The wet fiber processing also includes washing, Oiling, drying processes. Spinning filament, the process can be winding into the tube; spinning when the need to increase short curly fibers, cutting and packaging processes. Used in the production of textile raw materials, as cotton, linen, silk, wool (wool), with the longest history. However, the limited natural resources, cotton production of about 50 kg / ha of mulberry sericulture to silking, wool production will have to develop animal husbandry. Therefore, chemists began to study, use of cheaper prices, more abundant sources of raw materials spinning to weaving, which is the chemical fiber.
Chemical fiber is natural or synthetic polymers polymers for raw materials, the solution of spinning, spinning and post-processing system processes in the performance of the textile fibers.
Chemical Fiber is divided into two categories: ① man-made fibres, natural polymers (such as cellulose) as raw materials made of chemical fibers such as rayon fibers, Acetate fiber. ② synthetic fiber, synthetic polymers for raw materials made of chemical fibers such as polyester, polyamide fiber, PAN fiber. Chemical fiber with high strength, wear-resistant, low density, flexibility, and not musty, not afraid of Chongzhu, Yixi Quick-drying, and other advantages, but its drawback is Dyeability poor, static electricity, light resistance and weatherability poor, poor water absorption.
Man-made fibres, mainly viscose fibers, fiber nitrate, Acetate fibers, fiber and copper ammonium artificial fibers, such as protein, fiber and viscose rayon fiber-ordinary and outstanding performance of the new viscose fiber (such as high humidity modulus Fiber, super viscose fiber and permanent crimp viscose fiber, etc.).
There are six major synthetic fiber polyamide fibers (China said nylon or nylon 6), PAN fiber (China said acrylic), polyester (PET said China), polypropylene fiber (China said PP), Poly Enolase-formaldehyde Fiber (China said vinylon), as well as special fibers (including the use of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene made of corrosion-resistant polymer fiber, resistant to temperature above 200 ℃ the high temperature fibers, the intensity is greater than 10 g / day of the modulus At 200 grams / day of high-strength, high modulus fibers, and flame retardant fibers, elastic fiber, functional fibers, etc.). 1950s to the modification of synthetic fibres, mainly by physical or chemical synthetic method to improve the moisture absorption, dyeing, anti-static, anti-burning, Kang Wu, anti-pilling and other nature, and also to increase the variety of chemical fiber .
Chemical fiber refers to the natural or artificial polymer material made of fiber as raw material.
First, chemical fiber raw materials according to different sources, is divided into renewable and synthetic fibers such as.
(A) of renewable fiber
Renewable fiber production is subject to the silkworm silking inspired by cellulose and proteins, and other natural polymers for raw materials, chemical processed and concentrated polymer solution, and then the spinning and post-processing system and a textile fiber.
■ 1. Renewable natural cellulose fiber cellulose-based renewable fiber, because of its chemical composition and natural cellulose and the same physical structure has changed, so that renewable cellulose fiber.
Viscose fiber is natural cotton linter, made of wood as raw material, it has the following outstanding advantages.
(1) soft to the touch luster, and viscose fibers like cotton fiber, like soft, smooth as silk fibers.
(2) hygroscopicity, good permeability, viscose fiber basic chemical composition and the same cotton fiber, so some of its properties and close to cotton fiber, different is its moisture absorption and permeability than the cotton fiber, and can say that It is all chemical fibers in the air and moisture absorption of the best kind.
(3) dyeing properties, and because of viscose fiber hygroscopicity stronger, viscose fiber cotton fiber more easily than the color, color pure, beautiful, and also by the most complete.
Viscose fiber is the biggest drawback wet fastness poor, is also less flexible, easy fabrics crease and difficult recovery; acid and alkaline or fibers such as cotton.
■ 2. Tiger kapok fiber commonly known as the prosperous, powerful Ren Zaomian. It is the degeneration of viscose fiber.
With the general prosperity of fiber viscose fiber (that is, Ren Zaomian, Renzao Mao, rayon) In comparison, the following were the main characteristics:
(1) intensity, that is prosperous and strong fabric than viscose fabric solid Naichuan.
(2) Su Shuilv small, rich and strong fiber Su Shuishuai small viscose fiber than doubled.
(3) flexibility, and strong fiber produced by the clothes compare the entire board, crease-resistant than good viscose fiber.
(4) alkaline, and because of strong alkali-resistant fiber of viscose fiber than good, so rich and strong fabric of the soap in the washing detergent, such as the choice is not as strict viscose fiber.
(B) of synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibre is made from synthetic polymers, synthetic fibres are used in polyester,
Nylon, acrylic, Lvlun, vinylon, such as spandex.
■ 1. Dacron polyester school called polyester, or polyester fiber. Polyester is China's trade names, foreign "can Lun", "Donatelli Lun", "Dili special Wong."
As easy for polyester raw materials, performance, uses extensive, very rapid development, the output of chemical fiber ranks the first.
Polyester greatest feature is its flexibility than any fibers are strong; strength and better wear resistance, which will not only fastness of textile fabrics than other fibers three to four times higher, but Tingkuo and difficult to deformation, "DP "Reputation; polyester heat resistance is stronger; has good chemical stability, at normal temperature, and are not weak acid, the weak base, which play a role in oxidants.
Hygroscopicity shortcomings is very poor, from textile fabrics to wear it in the possession of nausea, gas-tight. In addition, since fiber surface smooth, fiber difference between the hold together, friction in the regular-raising, guitar ball.
■ 2. Nylon nylon is China's trade names, the name of polyamide fiber; -66 nylon, nylon -1010, Nylon-6, and other various species. Nylon goods in foreign countries were also known as the "nylon", "resistance Lun", "Kapp Lun", "Ami Wong." Nylon is the world's first synthetic varieties, because of excellent performance, rich resources of raw materials, synthetic fiber production is the highest species. Until after 1970, because of the rapid development of polyester fibers, synthetic fiber was relegated to the second place.
Nylon is the most important feature of high strength, wear resistance, and its strength and wear resistance of all the fiber of the first Habitat.
The shortcomings of nylon and polyester, are less moisture absorption and permeability. In dry conditions, nylon easy to produce static electricity, short fiber fabric is also easy to Pilling, from the ball. The heat-resistant nylon, lightfastness were not good enough, Ironing withstand temperature should be controlled in the following 140 ℃. In addition, the shape of nylon worse, with their clothes made of polyester Tingkuo not easily deformed. But it can Walkman doctrine, the system is doing a good shirt shape of various materials.
■ 3. Acrylic acrylic is the name of goods, its scientific name PAN fiber. Abroad also known as the "Austrian Lun," "Little test", "Della Wong."
Acrylic was the appearance of white, curly, fluffy and soft to the touch, like wool and wool blend and more used to or as a substitute for wool, it is also known as "synthetic wool."
Acrylic Hygroscopicity not good enough, but wetting than wool, silk fibers good. It is the wear resistance of the poor in the synthetic fiber, acrylic fiber in the Ironing withstand temperatures below 130 ℃.
■ 4. Vinylon vinylon school called polyvinyl formal fiber. Abroad also known as the "Vinylon", "Wei Naer."
Vinylon white as snow, soft like cotton, which is often used as a substitute for natural cotton, known as "synthetic cotton." Vinylon Hygroscopicity can Hygroscopicity is in the synthetic fiber can be the best. In addition, vinylon the abrasion resistance, light resistance, corrosion resistance is better.
■ 5. Lvlunlvlun the scientific name of PVC fiber. Abroad, "the U.S. long days", "Luo Weier," said.
Lvlun the advantages of more corrosion-resistant chemical; thermal conductivity worse than wool, so insulation of the strong, with high insulation, flame retardant. In addition, it is also available in a prominent advantages, that is, use it to weave into the underwear can cure rheumatoid arthritis or other pain, and irritation of the skin or injury.
Lvlun the shortcomings also quite prominent, that is very poor heat resistance.
■ 6. The scientific name spandex spandex polyurethane elastic fiber, also known as abroad, "Lai Kela," "Sipanqier." It is a special elastic properties of the chemical fiber, industrial production has, and become the fastest growing of a flexible fiber.
Spandex elastic outstanding. The high-wire intensity than latex 2 to 3 times the density of more detailed and more resistant to chemical degradation. Spandex Naisuan Jian, sweat-resistant, water-resistant, resistant to dry cleaning, have better wear resistance.
Spandex fiber is generally not used alone, but the introduction of a small amount of fabric, such as fiber and other joint stock or made of yarn for weaving system elastic fabric.