求英译汉,不要软件直译!Providing public facilities in developing countries has always been a chanllenge.In recent years some progress has been made with the introduction of‘new public management’techniques.Since the 1980s,This has become

求英译汉,不要软件直译!Providing public facilities in developing countries has always been a chanllenge.In recent years some progress has been made with the introduction of‘new public management’techniques.Since the 1980s,This has become
求英译汉,不要软件直译!
Providing public facilities in developing countries has always been a chanllenge.In recent years some progress has been made with the introduction of‘new public management’techniques.Since the 1980s,This has become a theoretical backbone for administrative reform and for public management in lower income countries.The broad underlying idea is to improve the efficiency,productivity,and effectiveness of public management by applying as many principles and reform techniques used by private enterprises as possible,while designing institutions that bring out performance-oriented entrepreneurial behavior in public management.The approach involves reviewing the division of roles between the public and the private sectors（e.g.carry out privatization and outsourcing to the private sector）,reforming administrative management methods(e.g.,shifts towards agencies and the introduction of performance management),and reforming budgeing and fiscal management.Progress seems to be being made regarding the use of new public management techniques but it is slow.
In addition to intellectual and institutional challenges,there are issues regarding the information inputs into public facilities planning.One important development is the advent of geographic information systems（GIS）for handing date and for its digital mapping on computers.It allows large amounts of date to be sorted and displayed in ways not possible before – Yeo and Chow’s paper reproduced here is an exampleof this.In itself,though,better date dose not make for better decisions；much depends on how the date is used.The importance of GIS is that it can help reveal the spatial implications of providing public facilities and the various parties that will be affected.With the appropriate structures this should assist in more informed and transparent planning.
However one looks at it,providing public facilities is inevitably controversial；there are questions of what should be provided,how much should be provided,what form it should take,who should provide it,who should access to it ,who should pay for it,what should be done for those aversely affected and so on .The papers reproduced in this volume hopefully offer some ways of thinking about these types of issue and offer some tools that can offer guidance to the practitioners.That is,at least,our aim.
不要软件直译，或者在线翻译的那种！

求英译汉,不要软件直译!Providing public facilities in developing countries has always been a chanllenge.In recent years some progress has been made with the introduction of‘new public management’techniques.Since the 1980s,This has become
Providing public facilities in developing countries has always been a challenge.In recent years some progress has been made with the introduction of ‘new public management’ techniques.Since the 1980s,this has become a theoretical backbone for administrative reform and for public management in lower income countries.The broad underlying idea is to improve the efficiency,productivity,and effectiveness of public management by applying as many principles and reform techniques used by private enterprises as possible,while designing institutions that bring out performance-oriented entrepreneurial behavior in public management.
在发展中国家,提供公共设施向来就是一种挑战.最近几年,由于引进了“新式公共管理”技术,这种情况的改善才有了一些进展.自上世纪八十年代以来,这已成为低收入国家行政改革与公共管理的理论基础.其广泛的基本概念就是尽可能的借鉴私企所使用的许多原则与改革技术,以提高公共管理的效率、产率及效果；而设计院则要在公共管理中体现出目的性强的企业家行为.
The approach involves reviewing the division of roles between the public and the private sectors（e.g.carry out privatization and outsourcing to the private sector）,reforming administrative management methods (e.g.,shifts towards agencies and the introduction of performance management),and reforming budgeting and fiscal management.Progress seems to be being made regarding the use of new public management techniques but it is slow.In addition to intellectual and institutional challenges,there are issues regarding the information inputs into public facilities planning.
采取的方法涉及检讨公私营机构的角色划分（例如：实行私有化及外包予私企）,改革行政管理的方法（例如：向机构转移及引进绩效管理）,以及改革预算与财务管理.使用这种新式公共管理技术似乎有进展但是很缓慢.除了专业与体制的挑战之外,涉及公共设施规划的信息输入也有问题.
One important development is the advent of geographic information systems（GIS）for handling data and for its digital mapping on computers.It allows large amounts of data to be sorted and displayed in ways not possible before – Yeo and Chow’s paper reproduced here is an example of this.In itself,though,better data does not make for better decisions；much depends on how the data is used.The importance of GIS is that it can help reveal the spatial implications of providing public facilities and the various parties that will be affected.With the appropriate structures this should assist in more informed and transparent planning.
一个重要的发展是地理信息系统（GIS）的出现,它可处理数据及在电脑上进行数字制图.GIS能够整理与显示大量的数据,这是以前无法办到的,复制在此的‘杨与赵的文献’就是个例子.更好的数据本身并不能产生更好的决策；主要取决于如何利用这些数据.GIS的重要性是它能够帮助揭示提供公共设施时的空间影响,以及受其影响的各方当事团体.拥有适当的结构将有助于更明智及透明的规划.
However one looks at it,providing public facilities is inevitably controversial；there are questions of what should be provided,how much should be provided,what form it should take,who should provide it,who should access to it ,who should pay for it,what should be done for those aversely affected and so on .The papers reproduced in this volume hopefully offer some ways of thinking about these types of issue and offer some tools that can offer guidance to the practitioners.That is,at least,our aim.
无论从哪个角度,提供公共设施会引起争议是必然的；许多随之出现的问题如:该提供什么、该提供多少、以何种形式、该由谁提供、谁能使用、谁该付款、对受到不利影响的人该做什么等等.通过本卷中所复制的文献,希望对这类问题能提供一些思路,以及提供指导从业人员的一些工具.至少,那是我们的目标.

在发展中国家提供公共设施一直生活。近年来取得了一些进展,引入'新公共管理方法.自 20世纪80年代以来,这已成为行政改革的理论支柱和公共管理中低收入国家。这个广阔的潜在的想法是提高经济效益、劳动生产率、有效利用公共管理的改革与技术原理的基础上,尽可能多采用民营企业,同时被带出来的设计机构,在公共管理的创业行为。这一方法回顾》中扮演的角色之间的公共和私人部门(拿私有化和外包出去的私营部门的行政管理方...

全部展开

在发展中国家提供公共设施一直生活。近年来取得了一些进展,引入'新公共管理方法.自 20世纪80年代以来,这已成为行政改革的理论支柱和公共管理中低收入国家。这个广阔的潜在的想法是提高经济效益、劳动生产率、有效利用公共管理的改革与技术原理的基础上,尽可能多采用民营企业,同时被带出来的设计机构,在公共管理的创业行为。这一方法回顾》中扮演的角色之间的公共和私人部门(拿私有化和外包出去的私营部门的行政管理方法的改革,对机构的变化(例如,并引进绩效管理),以及改变财政管理改革。进步似乎是关于使用新公共管理技术,但它是缓慢的。
除智力和制度所面临的挑战,有关于信息输入到公共设施的规划。一个重要的发展是时代的到来,地理信息系统(GIS)为数字化测图和它的日期,在电脑上写。它允许大量的日期排序和显示方式不可能私下和食物的——这是exampleof进行复制。不过,更好的日期,为更好的决策的剂量,很大程度上取决于如何使用的日期。地理信息系统(GIS)技术的重要性在于它能帮助展示空间意义的公共设施和各方将会受到影响。本应以适当的结构和协助更多透明的规划。
然而一看它、提供公共设施必然是有争议的,问题是什么,应提供多少,应提供什么形式,它应该提供它,谁应该使用它,谁应该赔偿,应当怎样做那些反对影响等等。在这本书的文件复制的设计提供一些方法去思考这些类型的问题,提供一些工具,能够提供指导。这至少是我们的目标。

收起