英译汉,请厉害人士帮助previous chapter,we saw how she discovered the technology that she will use to produceher product.In this chapter,we saw how she learned to analyze costs so that she can pro-duce efficiently and thereby maximize her pro

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英译汉,请厉害人士帮助previouschapter,wesawhowshediscoveredthetechnologythatshewillusetoproduceherproduct.Inthi

英译汉,请厉害人士帮助previous chapter,we saw how she discovered the technology that she will use to produceher product.In this chapter,we saw how she learned to analyze costs so that she can pro-duce efficiently and thereby maximize her pro
英译汉,请厉害人士帮助
previous chapter,we saw how she discovered the technology that she will use to produce
her product.In this chapter,we saw how she learned to analyze costs so that she can pro-
duce efficiently and thereby maximize her profits.She is now able to derive the cost func-
tion associated with production,and she is able to find the least-cost way to produce at any
given level of output.An understanding of technology and production costs will be of ma-
jor importance to our entrepreneur as she prepares for her entry into the market.However,
before she can actually start production,she must also acquire a knowledge of market
strategy and planning.If she is going to succeed in the business world,producing effi-
ciently will not be enough.She will have to learn how to think strategically in order to stay
one step ahead of her competition.In the next chapter,we will examine a number of con-
cepts from the theory of games that will be of great help to our entrepreneur when other
firms are created and she must interact with these firms in the market.
In this chapter,we have discussed the cost and production concepts necessary to under-
stand how to maximize profits by producing efficiently-in the least-cost way.We have
examined the conditions that determine the optimal combination of inputs in both the
short run and the long run.Using these conditions,we have investigated fixed costs and
variable costs and the different types of short-run and long-run cost functions:total cost
functions,marginal cost functions,and average cost functions.We have also discussed
two special production technologies:the Leontief and Cobb-Douglas technologies.We
have looked at the important properties of these technologies,such as their returns to scale
and their elasticities of substitution,and we have examined the cost functions of these
technologies.
nie Cost Function
A cost function tells us the minimum cost necessary to produce a given level of output.
(Note how similar cost functions are to the expenditure functions we studied in Chapter 3.
Mathematically they are identical.Cost functions are calculated by solving a cost-
而ni而zation problem subject to the condition that the output is fixed at some level.)
Assume that the production technology is generalized Cobb-Douglas; that is,output
Y= AKILR.Further,let Wl be the cost of capital and WZ be the wage rate,so that these are
the factor prices.The total costs are therefore WIK＋WZL.We assume that there are no
fixed costs.
Then the cost-minimization problem is to choose the amounts of inputs K and L to
minimize the total production costs of producing an output level Y subject to the con-
straints imposed by the production technology,namely,Y＝AKaLO.

英译汉,请厉害人士帮助previous chapter,we saw how she discovered the technology that she will use to produceher product.In this chapter,we saw how she learned to analyze costs so that she can pro-duce efficiently and thereby maximize her pro
在前一章,我们看大她如何发现了她生产产品所要使用的技术.在这章,我们将看到她如何学习成本分析,以便能有效率地生产,因而实现最大利益.现在她已经能够分离出生产过程中附带的成本了,而且能够在任何水平的产出下找到最低价的生产方式.了解技术与生产成本将在企业准备进入市场的时候对我们的企业产生重要影响.然而,在能够开始实际生产之前,她必须要获得市场营销和策划知识.如果她想要在商界成功,有效率地生产是远远不够的.为了在竞争中抢占先机,她必须要学会有战略性地思考.在下一章,我们将了解一些比赛理论中的概念,这些概念将对我们的企业有巨大帮助,当其他公司创立了,在市场里,她必须要和这些公司接触.
在本章,我们将讨论成本和生产这些必须知道的概念来理解如何通过低成本高效率的产出来实现利益最大化.我们已经检视了决定近期和远期投入最佳组合的条件.利用这些条件,我们调查固定成本和可变成本,和不同种类的近期和远期成本函数：总成本,边际成本,以及平均成本.我们同时也讨论了两种特殊的生产技术：列昂节夫和柯布-道格拉斯技术.我们也查看了这些技术的重要特征,例如他们的规模报酬和替代弹性,而且,我们也检视了这些技术的成本函数.
nie 成本函数
一种告诉我们要得到既定产出水平所需的最低成本的函数（请注意,成本函数和我们在第三章里学习过的支出函数有多么相似.数学上讲,他们是相同的.成本函数是在产出固定的条件下用以解决成本最低化问题的）
假定生产技术服从柯布-道格拉斯函数,也就是说产出Y= AKILR.进一步,设Wl 为资本成本,WZ 为工资水平,则这些都是价格因素.而总成本为WIK＋WZL.我们假设没有固定成本,则成本最低化问题的关键就在于在生产技术约束下,选择投入K和L的数量,使总生产成本价格最低化,以维持产出水平Y,也就是Y＝AKaLO.

上一节中，我们知道了她是怎样找到可以用来生产产品的技术，这一章中我们看看她是怎样分析成本从而使她的生产数量和生产效益达到了最大值。她现在已经可以把成本函数和产量结合起来分析，而且她还可以以最低成本生产出任何需要的产出质量。完全了解生产的技术和成本对我们企业家来说是至关重要的尤其是在她准备进入销售市场的时候。但是，在她完全可以生产的时候她必须了解销售市场的知识，步骤，及市场计划。如果她在商业街成功了...

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