独立主格结构,ing短语放句末表示伴随的例子和用法大神们帮帮忙

独立主格结构,ing短语放句末表示伴随的例子和用法大神们帮帮忙
独立主格结构,ing短语放句末表示伴随的例子和用法大神们帮帮忙

独立主格结构,ing短语放句末表示伴随的例子和用法大神们帮帮忙
独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词.前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系.独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语.独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等.表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体.(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.) 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：1.名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting (= If time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.2.名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了.Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken),she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.3.名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如：He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店.4.名词/主格代词+形容词.如：An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.So many people absent,the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.5.名词/主格代词+副词.如：He put on his sweater wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over,they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.6.名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门.7.There being +名词（代词） 如：There being nothing else to do,we went home.没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business,I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.8.It being +名词（代词） 如：It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了.独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系.3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.举例：The test finished,we began our holiday.= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假.The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.This done,we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家.The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.He came into the room,his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆 注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with.如：Don’t sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉.He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上.She came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿着一本书走了进来.使用独立主格四点注意：1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词.如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over),the students soon left the classroom.下课后,学生很快离开了课室.2.不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略.(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时.如：It being Sunday,we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜.(2)在There being＋名词的结构中.如：There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家.3.通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词.如：Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书.比较with的复合结构.如：Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in her hand.4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving,we began the meeting.主编来了,我们开始开会.(比较动名词复合结构.)