英文的少林寺简介

英文的少林寺简介
英文的少林寺简介

英文的少林寺简介
The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a Ch谩n Buddhist temple at Song Shan near Zhengzhou City Henan Province in Dengfeng,China.It is led by abbot Venerable abbot Shi Y菕ngx矛n.Founded in the 5th century,the monastery is long famous for its association with Chinese martial arts and particularly with Shaolin Kung Fu,and it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best known to the Western world.
The sh脿o in "Shaolin" refers to "Mount Shaoshi",a mountain in the Songshan mountain range and l铆n means "forest".With s矛,the name literally means "monastery/temple in the woods of Mount Shaoshi".
Others,such as the late master Chang Dsu Yao,translate "Shaolin" as "young (new) Forest"or sometimes translated as "little forest".
The first Shaolin Monastery abbot was Batuo,also called Fotuo or Bhadra (the Chinese translation for Buddha),an Indian dhyana master who came to China from India in AD 464 to spread Buddhist teachings.
According to the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks (AD 645) by D脿oxu膩n,the Shaolin Monastery was built on the north side of Shaoshi,the western peak of Mount Song,one of the four Sacred Mountains of China,by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty in AD 477.Yang Xuanzhi,in the Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang (AD 547),and Li Xian,in the Ming Yitongzhi (AD 1461),concur with Daoxuan's location and attribution.The Jiaqing Chongxiu Yitongzhi (AD 1843) specifies that this monastery,located in the province of Henan,was built in the 20th year of theT脿ih茅 era of the Northern Wei Dynasty,that is,the monastery was built in AD 497.
Kangxi,the second Qing emperor,was a supporter of the Shaolin temple in Henan and he wrote the calligraphic inscriptions that,to this day,hang over the Heavenly King Hall and the Buddha Hall.
The monastery has been destroyed and rebuilt many times.In 1641 the troops of anti-Ming rebel Li Zicheng sacked the monastery due to the monks' support of the Ming and the possible threat they posed to the rebels.This effectively destroyed the temple's fighting force.
Perhaps the best-known story of the Temple's destruction is that it was destroyed by the Qing government for supposed anti-Qing activities.Variously said to have taken place in 1647 under the Shunzhi Emperor,in 1674 under the Kangxi Emperor,or in 1732 under the Yongzheng Emperor,this destruction is also supposed to have helped spread Shaolin martial arts through China by means of the five fugitive monks Ng Mui,Jee Shin Shim Shee,Fung Doe Duk,Miu Hin and Bak Mei.Some accounts claim that a supposed southern Shaolin Temple was destroyed instead of,or in addition to,the temple in Henan:Ju Ke,in the Qing bai lei chao (1917),locates this temple in Fujian Province.This account states that Ming loyalists infiltrated the Southern Temple to disseminate anti-Qing ideology and that the Qing Emperor himself infiltrated the Southern Temple to learn Shaolin Kung Fu.Tibetan Lamas were said to have aided Yongzheng Emperor's army in razing the Temple with a deadly flying weapon known as "Huit Tik Tze" or a Flying guillotine.These stories commonly appear in martial arts history,fiction,and cinema.
While these latter accounts are common among martial artists,and often serve as origin stories for various martial arts styles,their accuracy is questionable.The accounts are known through often inconsistent 19th-century secret society histories and popular literature,and also appear to draw on both Fujianese folklore and popular narratives such as the Water Margin.Modern scholarly attention to the tales is mainly concerned with their role as folklore,or as clues to the history of secret societies or possible southern Shaolin temples.
There is evidence of Shaolin martial arts techniques being exported to Japan in the 18th and 19th centuries.Okinawan Sh艒rin-ry奴 karate,for example,has a name meaning "Small [Shao]lin".Other similarities can be seen in centuries-old Chinese and Japanese martial arts manuals.
In 1928,the warlord Shi Yousan set fire to the monastery,burning it for over 40 days,destroying 90% of the buildings including many manuscripts of the temple library.
The Cultural Revolution launched in 1966 targeted religious orders including the Monastery.The five monks who were present at the Monastery when the Red Guard attacked were shackled and made to wear placards declaring the crimes charged against them.The monks were jailed after being flogged publicly and parading through the street as people threw rubbish at them.The government purged Buddhist materials from within the Monastery walls,leaving it barren for years.
Martial arts groups from all over the world have made donations for the upkeep of the temple and grounds,and are subsequently honored with carved stones near the entrance of the temple.
In the past,many people have tried to capitalize on the Shaolin Monastery by building their own schools on Mount Song.However,the Chinese government eventually outlawed this,and so the schools all moved to the nearby towns,such as Dengfeng.
A Dharma gathering was held between August 19 and 20,1999,in the Shaolin Monastery,Songshan,China,for Buddhist Master Shi Yong Xin to take office as abbot.He is the thirteenth successor after Buddhist abbot Xue Ting Fu Yu.In March 2006 Vladimir Putin of Russia became the first foreign leader to visit the monastery.
Two luxury bathrooms were recently added to the temple for use by monks and tourists.The new bathrooms reportedly cost three million yuan.