虚拟语气的具体形式有哪些

虚拟语气的具体形式有哪些
虚拟语气的具体形式有哪些

虚拟语气的具体形式有哪些
had done 对过去的虚拟
were todo 对将来的虚拟
did 对现在的虚拟
从句是should do

从句主句
与过去
事实相反过去完成时过去将来完成时
If + 主语 + had done主语+should/would/might/could have done
与现在
事实相反过去时过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/主语+should/would/might/could do
与将来
事实相反...

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从句主句
与过去
事实相反过去完成时过去将来完成时
If + 主语 + had done主语+should/would/might/could have done
与现在
事实相反过去时过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/主语+should/would/might/could do
与将来
事实相反过去时过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/were to do
If + 主语 + should do主语+should/would/might/could do
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
（一）形式
一、在if条件从句中的运用
（一）表格及注意事项
注：
1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其他有些情况可以用was。
2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to 较少。
（二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装
若符合下列条件，可以省略if:
1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有were, had, should时，才可以省略if.
2.省略if时，主语与were, had, should的位置必须相互调换。
万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。If I should meet her, I would tell her.
Should I meet her, I would tell her.
如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If I were in your position, I would do it better.
Were I in your position, I would do it better
如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。
If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.
Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
(三)含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but，but for， otherwise等。
I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up.
If I had not lost her phone number…
But for your help, I would not have the
chance to go to school.
If you had not helped me…
二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（一）在wish引导的宾语从句中，表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。 主句wish的时态不影响从句的时态。 1.与现在事实相反的愿望，从句动词用一般过去时(be变为were）
我希望我是你多好啊！
I wish I were you.
2.与过去事实相反的愿望，从句动词用过去完成时
我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！I wish I had learned more.
他要是不犯那个大错误，该多好啊！He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
3.与将来事实可能相反的愿望，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。
最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊。
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
（二）在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词
1. (demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, …) 谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
注意：
1. 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前。
The head nurse insisted that the patient （should) not be moved.
2. 另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气
3. 除此之外，上述动词的其它形式也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后的主语从句需要虚拟。
It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句需要虚拟。
His suggestion was that classes (should) be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中
The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to cope with the inflation.
（三） Would rather (that) + 从句
A + would rather (that) + B
+ 过去时 （与现在或将来相反）
+ 过去完成时 （与过去相反）
你要是去那里就好了。I would rather you had gone there.
你要是现在留在家里就好了。I would rather you stayed at home now.
三、其它形式的虚拟语气
1. It is + necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等双音节或多音节的形容词后的主语从句中，需要使用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you (should) listen to the teacher carefully.
It is essential that you (should) be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It‘s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式。
It is high time that you went to school.
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
状语从句的谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
主句+as if (though)+主语+ were/过去时 〉表示与主句动作同时发生 could/would +动词原形〉表示动作可能在将来发生 had+过去分词〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前 He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years.
⒋ 在lest, for fear that 唯恐; 以免 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
5. If only + 从句 表示“愿望”的虚拟 动词向前推一个时态。
现在时：If only I were here. 过去时：If only I had been here. 将来时：If only I would be here.

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