英语翻译2.Microbial surface thermodynamics2.1.Microbial surface thermodynamic measurementMicrobial surface thermodynamic properties can be obtainedthrough contact angle measurements using the vanOss–Chaundhury–Good equation [26]:(1 + cos θ)

英语翻译2.Microbial surface thermodynamics2.1.Microbial surface thermodynamic measurementMicrobial surface thermodynamic properties can be obtainedthrough contact angle measurements using the vanOss–Chaundhury–Good equation [26]:(1 + cos θ)
英语翻译
2.Microbial surface thermodynamics
2.1.Microbial surface thermodynamic measurement
Microbial surface thermodynamic properties can be obtained
through contact angle measurements using the van
Oss–Chaundhury–Good equation [26]:
(1 + cos θ)γL = 2\1\2γ LW
S γ LW
L +\2γ + S γ − L +\2γ − S γ + L \3,
(1)
where γL is the surface tension of the liquid that is used
for the measurement (mJ/m2); γ LW Lifshitz–van der Waals
component of surface tension (subscript S for solid and L
for liquid) (mJ/m2); γ + electron-acceptor parameter and
γ − electron-donor parameter of Lewis acid–base component
of surface tension (subscript S for solid and L for liquid)
(mJ/m2).In addition,liquid surface tension γL can be
expressed in terms of Lifshitz–van der Waals and Lewis
acid–base components of surface tension γ LW
L ,γ + L and γ − L :
γL = γ LW
L +2\2γ − L γ + L .(2)
For the determination of microbial surface thermodynamics,
i.e.,γ LW
S ,γ + S and γ − S ,three contact angle measurements
(with three different liquids) are needed.Microbial contact
angles are usually measured by depositing cells on a flat
surface,growth of cells on a flat solid (nutrient) medium,
or suction-filtrating cell suspensions onto a flat filter.As
a certain amount of moisture is required during contact
angle measurements to maintain a smooth and measurable
surface,the thus measured microbial surface thermodynamic
properties depend on the lawn moisture contents (Fig.1).
2.2.Factors that impact microbial surface thermodynamics
2.2.1.Growth conditions
Microbial anabolism depends upon a stoichiometric ratio
of carbon and nitrogen,two essential components,to synthesize
new cellular materials [23].Different carbon and nitrogen
conditions yield different cell growth rates and surface
thermodynamic properties.Table 1 shows the surface thermodynamics
of some microorganisms cultured under different
carbon and nitrogen conditions.For the same carbon
source,ammonia yields greater electron donor parameter of
Lewis acid–base component of surface tension,γ −; while
nitrate yields greater van der Waals component of surface
tension γ LW.When carbon is limited,microorganisms have
smaller γ −,but greater γ LW than that of no nutrient limitation.
When nitrogen is the limiting factor,bacteria have
smaller γ LW,but greater γ −.Whereas,there is no reporting
germane ζ potential changes with regarding to growth
conditions.

英语翻译2.Microbial surface thermodynamics2.1.Microbial surface thermodynamic measurementMicrobial surface thermodynamic properties can be obtainedthrough contact angle measurements using the vanOss–Chaundhury–Good equation [26]:(1 + cos θ)
2 .微生物表面热力学
2.1 .微生物表面的热力学测量
微生物表面的热力学性质可以得到
通过接触角测量使用范
开放源码软件- chaundhury好方程[ 26 ] ：
（ 1 +产地来源证θ ） γ升= 2 γ龙运
s γ龙运
升+ γ + S的γ -升+ γ - sγ +升,
（ 1 ）
凡γ L是表面张力的液体是用来
用于测量（ mj/m2 ） ; γ龙运lifshitz -范德华
组成部分的表面张力（下标s为固体和升
为液体） （ mj/m2 ） ; γ +电子受体参数和
γ -电子捐助国参数L ewis酸基组成
表面张力（下标s为固体和液体升）
（ mj/m2 ） .此外,液体的表面张力γ升可
表示在条件lifshitz -范德华和刘易斯
酸基地的组成部分的表面张力γ龙运
升,γ +升和γ -升：
γ升= γ龙运
升二γ -升γ +升.（ 2 ）
用于测定微生物表面热力学,
即,γ龙运
s ,γ + S和γ -s ,3接触角测量
（ 3种不同的液体）是必须的.微生物接触
的角度,通常是衡量沉积细胞对一个单位
表面上,细胞生长的一个单位,固体（养分）中,
或吸过滤悬浮细胞系上一个单位的过滤器.同样地
一定量的水分,是需要在联系
角度测量,以维持平稳和可衡量的
从表面上看,因此,测量微生物表面热力学
性能依赖于草坪水分含量（图1 ） .
2.2 .因素的影响,微生物表面热力学
2.2.1 .生长条件
微生物代谢取决于化学计量比
碳,氮,两个基本组成部分,合成
新的蜂窝材料[ 23 ] .不同的碳和氮
条件,产量不同细胞的生长率和表面
热力学性质.表1显示了表面热力学
一些微生物的培养下,不同
碳和氮的条件.出于同样的碳
消息人士透露,氨产量更大的电子捐助国参数
Lewis酸基组成的表面张力,γ -;
硝酸产量更大的范德华组成部分,表面
张力γ龙运.当碳是有限的,有微生物
规模较小的γ -,但更大的γ龙运比没有营养盐限制的.
当氮是限制因素,细菌有
规模较小的γ龙运,但更大的γ -.而,是没有报告
有密切关系的ζ电位的变化,与有关经济增长
条件.
请楼主参考.

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