雅思阅读中,被动语态有哪几类特殊用法

雅思阅读中,被动语态有哪几类特殊用法
雅思阅读中,被动语态有哪几类特殊用法

雅思阅读中,被动语态有哪几类特殊用法
被动语态是由助动词“be”+过去分词构成的.这里的“be”既要表示出与主语的人称和数一致,也要表示出时、体的形式.被动语态有几种特殊用法.
(1)主动形式表示被动意义
1)常见的这类动词有：“act,add up,clean,compare,count,cook,draw,fill,iron,keep,let,look,make up,milk,kill,open,photograph,prove,read,sell,smoke,spoil”等.
The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开.)
The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高.)
Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧.)
She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相.)
His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的.)
The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易.)
Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡.)
It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好.)
How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?)

2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义.
My hair needs cutting.．
The bike wants repairing．
It doesn’t deserve mentioning．
Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物.)

3)一些固定句型如："be worth doing sth． have/get sth．(sb.)done",以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：
Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市,值得浏览.)
Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包).
The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中.)
This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中.)

4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义：
①There be句型：
There are a lot of things to do．
There is nothing to worry about．
②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语,而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：
I want some clothes to wash．
Do you have anything to say for yourself?
③不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词的直接宾语,而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
His sister gave him a bike to ride．
My father get me a book to read．

5)少数动词的进行时,有时表示被动意义：
Her works are printing．
The drum is beating．
My new house is building．

(2)“It is+V-ed+that-··"结构表示被动

常用的这类结构有：“it is said that…”(据说)；It is supposed that…(据推测)；It is well known that"…(众所周知)；It is believed that"…(据信)；It is reported that"…(据报导)；It is hoped that"…(人们希望)；It is generally considered that"…(有人认为)；1twill be seen that"…(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that…(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that…(必须指出)”等.
It is believed／thought that this medicine works well．
It is required(of)him that he give the evidence．(要求我提供证据)
It is feared that he could not come here．
It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．
It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．

(3) “get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)"表示被动：

这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果,也可用来表示突然发生的事态,或最终出现的某种事实,是一种非正式语体.
Did the question get answered?
A Boeing 747 got crashed last week．
The house is getting painted／repaired．
The building got damaged in the flood．
Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war．
As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail．
[注]在下列句子中,不能使用“get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)”结构.
误：He got born in 1976．
正：He was born in 1976．
误：The stow got written by him．
正：The story Was writ．ten by him．
误：The conference got being held in London．
正：The conference is being held in London．

(4) 注意以下被动语态的几种情况

1)短语动词变为被动语态后,其后的介词或副词应紧随其后.
Frank was brought up by his aunt．
The babies are well looked after．
The meeting Was put off．
The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．
(威尔逊先生的问题把那位售货员惹火了.)

2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后,宾语转化为主语,宾补转化为主补.
The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)
He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)
The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)
He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door．
(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)
It is believed／thought that this medicine works well．
It is required(of)him that he give the evidence．(要求我提供证据)
It is feared that he could not come here．
It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．
It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．

(3) “get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)"表示被动：

这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果,也可用来表示突然发生的事态,或最终出现的某种事实,是一种非正式语体.
Did the question get answered?
A Boeing 747 got crashed last week．
The house is getting painted／repaired．
The building got damaged in the flood．
Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war．
As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail．
[注]在下列句子中,不能使用“get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)”结构.
误：He got born in 1976．
正：He was born in 1976．
误：The stow got written by him．
正：The story Was writ．ten by him．
误：The conference got being held in London．
正：The conference is being held in London．

(4) 注意以下被动语态的几种情况

1)短语动词变为被动语态后,其后的介词或副词应紧随其后.
Frank was brought up by his aunt．
The babies are well looked after．
The meeting Was put off．
The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．
(威尔逊先生的问题把那位售货员惹火了.)

2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后,宾语转化为主语,宾补转化为主补.
The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)
He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)
The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)
He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door．
(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)