不锈钢镀金能做吗?

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不锈钢镀金能做吗?不锈钢镀金能做吗?不锈钢镀金能做吗?理论上没有问题,但是实际操作难度很高,电镀厂要非常专业才能镀出好的效果.电镀是电镀指借助外界直流电的作用,在溶液中进行电解反应,使导电体例如金属的

不锈钢镀金能做吗?
不锈钢镀金能做吗?

不锈钢镀金能做吗?
理论上没有问题,但是实际操作难度很高,电镀厂要非常专业才能镀出好的效果.电镀是电镀指借助外界直流电的作用,在溶液中进行电解反应,使导电体例如金属的表面沉积一金属或合金层.电极位越高的金属越容易依附与电极位低的金属上,而金是所有金属中电极位最高的.几乎没有镀不上的东西.同理也没有电镀工艺可以用于镀在金上.(附金属电极电位表:) 值得注意的几点: 1.基体金属电位负于沉积金属电位,将难以获得结合良好的镀层,甚至不能沉积. 2.不锈钢易于钝化,不采取特殊活化措施难以得到高结合力镀层. 理论上不锈钢应可使用热镀金工艺 热浸镀金(Hot Dipping) 热浸镀金也称之熔融镀金.它是将镀件浸入在电镀金属之熔融液体 中得到具有附着性,耐腐蚀性的镀层.主要用在钢铁产品的热浸镀锌 其镀层的外部为锌,内层与钢铁接触则为锌铁化合物.锌是阳极金属,它 以牺牲性的防蚀作用来保护钢铁产品.熔融镀金的外观及性质可由下列 因素改变: (1)镀层的组成(coating composition) (2)镀浴的温度(bath temperature) (3)浸镀时间(time of immersion) (4)却速率(rate of cooling) (5)热处理(reheating) 热浸镀金对基材的机械性质之影响: (1)抗拉强度(tensile strenghth):不改变 (2)降伏强度(yied strenghth):不改变 (3)焊接应力(weld stress):减少50-60% (4)成型性(formability):不改变 (5)疲劳强度(fatique strenghth):较未处理的好 (6)氢脆(hydrogen embrittlement):影响不大 (7)粒间脆列(intercrystalline cracking):因锌渗入钢铁晶界会影起粒间脆列 越往上还原性越强,越往下氧化性越强 (标准电极电势表) Li(I)-(0) Li++e-=Li -3.0401 Cs(I)-(0) Cs++e-=Cs -3.026 Rb(I)-(0) Rb++e-=Rb -2.98 K(I)-(0) K++e-=K-2.931 Ba(II)-(0) Ba2++2e-=Ba -2.912 Sr(II)-(0) Sr2++2e-=Sr -2.89 Ca(II)-(0) Ca2++2e-=Ca -2.868 Na(I)-(0) Na++e-=Na -2.71 La(III)-(0) La3++3e-=La -2.379 Mg(II)-(0) Mg2++2e-=Mg -2.372 Ce(III)-(0) Ce3++3e-=Ce -2.336 H(0)-(-I) H2(g)+2e-=2H- -2.23 Al(III)-(0) AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F- -2.069 Th(IV)-(0) Th4++4e-=Th -1.899 Be(II)-(0) Be2++2e-=Be -1.847 U(III)-(0) U3++3e-=U-1.798 Hf(IV)-(0) HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf+H2O -1.724 Al(III)-(0) Al3++3e-=Al -1.662 Ti(II)-(0) Ti2++2e-=Ti -1.630 Zr(IV)-(0) ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2H2O -1.553 Si(IV)-(0) [SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F- -1.24 Mn(II)-(0) Mn2++2e-=Mn -1.185 Cr(II)-(0) Cr2++2e-=Cr -0.913 Ti(III)-(II) Ti3++e-=Ti2+ -0.9 B(III)-(0) H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O -0.8698 *Ti(IV)-(0) TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2H2O -0.86 Te(0)-(-II) Te+2H++2e-=H2Te -0.793 Zn(II)-(0) Zn2++2e-=Zn -0.7618 Ta(V)-(0) Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2Ta+5H2O -0.750 Cr(III)-(0) Cr3++3e-=Cr -0.744 Nb(V)-(0) Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2Nb+5H2O -0.644 As(0)-(-III) As+3H++3e-=AsH3 -0.608 U(IV)-(III) U4++e-=U3+ -0.607 Ga(III)-(0) Ga3++3e-=Ga -0.549 P(I)-(0) H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O -0.508 P(III)-(I) H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3PO2+H2O -0.499 *C(IV)-(III) 2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C2O4 -0.49 Fe(II)-(0) Fe2++2e-=Fe -0.447 Cr(III)-(II) Cr3++e-=Cr2+ -0.407 Cd(II)-(0) Cd2++2e-=Cd -0.4030 Se(0)-(-II) Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq) -0.399 Pb(II)-(0) PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I- -0.365 Eu(III)-(II) Eu3++e-=Eu2+ -0.36 Pb(II)-(0) PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42- -0.3588 In(III)-(0) In3++3e-=In -0.3382 Tl(I)-(0) Tl++e-=Tl -0.336 Co(II)-(0) Co2++2e-=Co -0.28 P(V)-(III) H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O -0.276 Pb(II)-(0) PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl- -0.2675 Ni (II)-(0) Ni2++2e-=Ni -0.257 V(III)-(II) V3++e-=V2+ -0.255 Ge(IV)-(0) H2GeO3+4H++4e-=Ge+3H2O -0.182 Ag(I)-(0) AgI+e-=Ag+I- -0.15224 Sn(II)-(0) Sn2++2e-=Sn -0.1375 Pb(II)-(0) Pb2++2e-=Pb -0.1262 *C(IV)-(II) CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO+H2O -0.12 P(0)-(-III) P(white)+3H++3e-=PH3(g) -0.063 Hg(I)-(0) Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I- -0.0405 Fe(III)-(0) Fe3++3e-=Fe -0.037 H(I)-(0) 2H++2e-=H2 0.0000 Ag(I)-(0) AgBr+e-=Ag+Br- 0.07133 S(II.V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32- 0.08 *Ti(IV)-(III) TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O 0.1 S(0)-(-II) S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq) 0.142 Sn(IV)-(II) Sn4++2e-=Sn2+ 0.151 Sb(III)-(0) Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb+3H2O 0.152 Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++e-=Cu+ 0.153 Bi(III)-(0) BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O 0.1583 S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O 0.172 Sb(III)-(0) SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O 0.212 Ag(I)-(0) AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl- 0.22233 As(III)-(0) HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O 0.248 Hg(I)-(0) Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(饱和KCl) 0.26808 Bi(III)-(0) BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O 0.320 U(VI)-(IV) UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O 0.327 C(IV)-(III) 2HCNO+2H++2e-=(CN)2+2H2O 0.330 V(IV)-(III) VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O 0.337 Cu(II)-(0) Cu2++2e-=Cu 0.3419 Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+8H++7e-=Re+4H2O 0.368 Ag(I)-(0) Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrO42- 0.4470 S(IV)-(0) H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O 0.449 Cu(I)-(0) Cu++e-=Cu 0.521 I(0)-(-I) I2+2e-=2I- 0.5355 I(0)-(-I) I3-+2e-=3I- 0.536 As(V)-(III) H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O 0.560 Sb(V)-(III) Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O 0.581 Te(IV)-(0) TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O 0.593 U(V)-(IV) UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O 0.612 **Hg(II)-(I) 2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl- 0.63 Pt(IV)-(II) [PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4]2-+2Cl- 0.68 O(0)-(-I) O2+2H++2e-=H2O2 0.695 Pt(II)-(0) [PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl- 0.755 *Se(IV)-(0) H2SeO3+4H++4e-=Se+3H2O 0.74 Fe(III)-(II) Fe3++e-=Fe2+ 0.771 Hg(I)-(0) Hg22++2e-=2Hg 0.7973 Ag(I)-(0) Ag++e-=Ag 0.7996 Os(VIII)-(0) OsO4+8H++8e-=Os+4H2O 0.8 N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O 0.803 Hg(II)-(0) Hg2++2e-=Hg 0.851 Si(IV)-(0) (quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O 0.857 Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++I-+e-=CuI 0.86 N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O 0.86 Hg(II)-(I) 2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+ 0.920 N(V)-(III) NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O 0.934 Pd(II)-(0) Pd2++2e-=Pd 0.951 N(V)-(II) NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O 0.957 N(III)-(II) HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O 0.983 I(I)-(-I) HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O 0.987 V(V)-(IV) VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O 0.991 V(V)-(IV) V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO2++3H2O 1.00 Au(III)-(0) [AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4Cl- 1.002 Te(VI)-(IV) H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4H2O 1.02 N(IV)-(II) N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O 1.035 N(IV)-(III) N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2 1.065 I(V)-(-I) IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O 1.085 Br(0)-(-I) Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br- 1.0873 Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O 1.151 Cl(V)-(IV) ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O 1.152 Pt(II)-(0) Pt2++2e-=Pt 1.18 Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O 1.189 I(V)-(0) 2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O 1.195 Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O 1.214 Mn(IV)-(II) MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O 1.224 O(0)-(-II) O2+4H++4e-=2H2O 1.229 Tl(III)-(I) T13++2e-=Tl+ 1.252 Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2+H++e-=HClO2 1.277 N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O 1.297 **Cr(VI)-(III) Cr2O72-+14H++6e-=2Cr3++7H2O 1.33 Br(I)-(-I) HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O 1.331 Cr(VI)-(III) HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O 1.350 Cl(0)-(-I) Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl- 1.35827 Cl(VII)-(-I) ClO4-+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O 1.389 Cl(VII)-(0) ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O 1.39 Au(III)-(I) Au3++2e-=Au+ 1.401 Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br-+3H2O 1.423 I(I)-(0) 2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2O 1.439 Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O 1.451 Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O 1.455 Cl(V)-(0) ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O 1.47 Cl(I)-(-I) HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O 1.482 Br(V)-(0) BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O 1.482 Au(III)-(0) Au3++3e-=Au 1.498 Mn(VII)-(II) MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O 1.507 Mn(III)-(II) Mn3++e-=Mn2+ 1.5415 Cl(III)-(-I) HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O 1.570 Br(I)-(0) HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O 1.574 N(II)-(I) 2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O 1.591 I(VII)-(V) H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O 1.601 Cl(I)-(0) HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O 1.611 Cl(III)-(I) HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O 1.645 Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O 1.678 Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O 1.679 Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e-=PbSO4+2H2O 1.6913 Au(I)-(0) Au++e-=Au 1.692 Ce(IV)-(III) Ce4++e-=Ce3+ 1.72 N(I)-(0) N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2O 1.766 O(-I)-(-II) H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O 1.776 Co(III)-(II) Co3++e-=Co2+(2mol·L-1 H2SO4) 1.83 Ag(II)-(I) Ag2++e-=Ag+ 1.980 S(VII)-(VI) S2O82-+2e-=2SO42- 2.010 O(0)-(-II) O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O 2.076 O(II)-(-II) F2O+2H++4e-=H2O+2F- 2.153 Fe(VI)-(III) FeO42-+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O 2.20 O(0)-(-II) O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O 2.421 F(0)-(-I) F2+2e-=2F- 2.866 F2+2H++2e-=2HF 3.053

理论上没有问题,但是实际操作难度很高,电镀厂要非常专业才能镀出好的效果。电镀是电镀指借助外界直流电的作用,在溶液中进行电解反应,使导电体例如金属的表面沉积一金属或合金层。电极位越高的金属越容易依附与电极位低的金属上,而金是所有金属中电极位最高的。几乎没有镀不上的东西。同理也没有电镀工艺可以用于镀在金上。(附金属电极电位表:) 值得注意的几点: 1.基体金属电位负于沉积金属电位,将难以获得结合良好的...

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理论上没有问题,但是实际操作难度很高,电镀厂要非常专业才能镀出好的效果。电镀是电镀指借助外界直流电的作用,在溶液中进行电解反应,使导电体例如金属的表面沉积一金属或合金层。电极位越高的金属越容易依附与电极位低的金属上,而金是所有金属中电极位最高的。几乎没有镀不上的东西。同理也没有电镀工艺可以用于镀在金上。(附金属电极电位表:) 值得注意的几点: 1.基体金属电位负于沉积金属电位,将难以获得结合良好的镀层,甚至不能沉积。 2.不锈钢易于钝化,不采取特殊活化措施难以得到高结合力镀层。 理论上不锈钢应可使用热镀金工艺 热浸镀金(Hot Dipping) 热浸镀金也称之熔融镀金.它是将镀件浸入在电镀金属之熔融液体 中得到具有附着性,耐腐蚀性的镀层.主要用在钢铁产品的热浸镀锌 其镀层的外部为锌,内层与钢铁接触则为锌铁化合物.锌是阳极金属,它 以牺牲性的防蚀作用来保护钢铁产品.熔融镀金的外观及性质可由下列 因素改变: (1)镀层的组成(coating composition) (2)镀浴的温度(bath temperature) (3)浸镀时间(time of immersion) (4)却速率(rate of cooling) (5)热处理(reheating) 热浸镀金对基材的机械性质之影响: (1)抗拉强度(tensile strenghth):不改变 (2)降伏强度(yied strenghth):不改变 (3)焊接应力(weld stress):减少50-60% (4)成型性(formability):不改变 (5)疲劳强度(fatique strenghth):较未处理的好 (6)氢脆(hydrogen embrittlement):影响不大 (7)粒间脆列(intercrystalline cracking):因锌渗入钢铁晶界会影起粒间脆列 越往上还原性越强,越往下氧化性越强 (标准电极电势表) Li(I)-(0) Li++e-=Li -3.0401 Cs(I)-(0) Cs++e-=Cs -3.026 Rb(I)-(0) Rb++e-=Rb -2.98 K(I)-(0) K++e-=K-2.931 Ba(II)-(0) Ba2++2e-=Ba -2.912 Sr(II)-(0) Sr2++2e-=Sr -2.89 Ca(II)-(0) Ca2++2e-=Ca -2.868 Na(I)-(0) Na++e-=Na -2.71 La(III)-(0) La3++3e-=La -2.379 Mg(II)-(0) Mg2++2e-=Mg -2.372 Ce(III)-(0) Ce3++3e-=Ce -2.336 H(0)-(-I) H2(g)+2e-=2H- -2.23 Al(III)-(0) AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F- -2.069 Th(IV)-(0) Th4++4e-=Th -1.899 Be(II)-(0) Be2++2e-=Be -1.847 U(III)-(0) U3++3e-=U-1.798 Hf(IV)-(0) HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf+H2O -1.724 Al(III)-(0) Al3++3e-=Al -1.662 Ti(II)-(0) Ti2++2e-=Ti -1.630 Zr(IV)-(0) ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2H2O -1.553 Si(IV)-(0) [SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F- -1.24 Mn(II)-(0) Mn2++2e-=Mn -1.185 Cr(II)-(0) Cr2++2e-=Cr -0.913 Ti(III)-(II) Ti3++e-=Ti2+ -0.9 B(III)-(0) H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O -0.8698 *Ti(IV)-(0) TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2H2O -0.86 Te(0)-(-II) Te+2H++2e-=H2Te -0.793 Zn(II)-(0) Zn2++2e-=Zn -0.7618 Ta(V)-(0) Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2Ta+5H2O -0.750 Cr(III)-(0) Cr3++3e-=Cr -0.744 Nb(V)-(0) Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2Nb+5H2O -0.644 As(0)-(-III) As+3H++3e-=AsH3 -0.608 U(IV)-(III) U4++e-=U3+ -0.607 Ga(III)-(0) Ga3++3e-=Ga -0.549 P(I)-(0) H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O -0.508 P(III)-(I) H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3PO2+H2O -0.499 *C(IV)-(III) 2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C2O4 -0.49 Fe(II)-(0) Fe2++2e-=Fe -0.447 Cr(III)-(II) Cr3++e-=Cr2+ -0.407 Cd(II)-(0) Cd2++2e-=Cd -0.4030 Se(0)-(-II) Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq) -0.399 Pb(II)-(0) PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I- -0.365 Eu(III)-(II) Eu3++e-=Eu2+ -0.36 Pb(II)-(0) PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42- -0.3588 In(III)-(0) In3++3e-=In -0.3382 Tl(I)-(0) Tl++e-=Tl -0.336 Co(II)-(0) Co2++2e-=Co -0.28 P(V)-(III) H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O -0.276 Pb(II)-(0) PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl- -0.2675 Ni (II)-(0) Ni2++2e-=Ni -0.257 V(III)-(II) V3++e-=V2+ -0.255 Ge(IV)-(0) H2GeO3+4H++4e-=Ge+3H2O -0.182 Ag(I)-(0) AgI+e-=Ag+I- -0.15224 Sn(II)-(0) Sn2++2e-=Sn -0.1375 Pb(II)-(0) Pb2++2e-=Pb -0.1262 *C(IV)-(II) CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO+H2O -0.12 P(0)-(-III) P(white)+3H++3e-=PH3(g) -0.063 Hg(I)-(0) Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I- -0.0405 Fe(III)-(0) Fe3++3e-=Fe -0.037 H(I)-(0) 2H++2e-=H2 0.0000 Ag(I)-(0) AgBr+e-=Ag+Br- 0.07133 S(II.V)-(II) S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32- 0.08 *Ti(IV)-(III) TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O 0.1 S(0)-(-II) S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq) 0.142 Sn(IV)-(II) Sn4++2e-=Sn2+ 0.151 Sb(III)-(0) Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb+3H2O 0.152 Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++e-=Cu+ 0.153 Bi(III)-(0) BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O 0.1583 S(VI)-(IV) SO42-+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O 0.172 Sb(III)-(0) SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O 0.212 Ag(I)-(0) AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl- 0.22233 As(III)-(0) HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O 0.248 Hg(I)-(0) Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(饱和KCl) 0.26808 Bi(III)-(0) BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O 0.320 U(VI)-(IV) UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O 0.327 C(IV)-(III) 2HCNO+2H++2e-=(CN)2+2H2O 0.330 V(IV)-(III) VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O 0.337 Cu(II)-(0) Cu2++2e-=Cu 0.3419 Re(VII)-(0) ReO4-+8H++7e-=Re+4H2O 0.368 Ag(I)-(0) Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrO42- 0.4470 S(IV)-(0) H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O 0.449 Cu(I)-(0) Cu++e-=Cu 0.521 I(0)-(-I) I2+2e-=2I- 0.5355 I(0)-(-I) I3-+2e-=3I- 0.536 As(V)-(III) H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O 0.560 Sb(V)-(III) Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O 0.581 Te(IV)-(0) TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O 0.593 U(V)-(IV) UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O 0.612 **Hg(II)-(I) 2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl- 0.63 Pt(IV)-(II) [PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4]2-+2Cl- 0.68 O(0)-(-I) O2+2H++2e-=H2O2 0.695 Pt(II)-(0) [PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl- 0.755 *Se(IV)-(0) H2SeO3+4H++4e-=Se+3H2O 0.74 Fe(III)-(II) Fe3++e-=Fe2+ 0.771 Hg(I)-(0) Hg22++2e-=2Hg 0.7973 Ag(I)-(0) Ag++e-=Ag 0.7996 Os(VIII)-(0) OsO4+8H++8e-=Os+4H2O 0.8 N(V)-(IV) 2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O 0.803 Hg(II)-(0) Hg2++2e-=Hg 0.851 Si(IV)-(0) (quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O 0.857 Cu(II)-(I) Cu2++I-+e-=CuI 0.86 N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O 0.86 Hg(II)-(I) 2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+ 0.920 N(V)-(III) NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O 0.934 Pd(II)-(0) Pd2++2e-=Pd 0.951 N(V)-(II) NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O 0.957 N(III)-(II) HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O 0.983 I(I)-(-I) HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O 0.987 V(V)-(IV) VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O 0.991 V(V)-(IV) V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO2++3H2O 1.00 Au(III)-(0) [AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4Cl- 1.002 Te(VI)-(IV) H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4H2O 1.02 N(IV)-(II) N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O 1.035 N(IV)-(III) N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2 1.065 I(V)-(-I) IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O 1.085 Br(0)-(-I) Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br- 1.0873 Se(VI)-(IV) SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O 1.151 Cl(V)-(IV) ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O 1.152 Pt(II)-(0) Pt2++2e-=Pt 1.18 Cl(VII)-(V) ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O 1.189 I(V)-(0) 2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O 1.195 Cl(V)-(III) ClO3-+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O 1.214 Mn(IV)-(II) MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O 1.224 O(0)-(-II) O2+4H++4e-=2H2O 1.229 Tl(III)-(I) T13++2e-=Tl+ 1.252 Cl(IV)-(III) ClO2+H++e-=HClO2 1.277 N(III)-(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O 1.297 **Cr(VI)-(III) Cr2O72-+14H++6e-=2Cr3++7H2O 1.33 Br(I)-(-I) HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O 1.331 Cr(VI)-(III) HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O 1.350 Cl(0)-(-I) Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl- 1.35827 Cl(VII)-(-I) ClO4-+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O 1.389 Cl(VII)-(0) ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O 1.39 Au(III)-(I) Au3++2e-=Au+ 1.401 Br(V)-(-I) BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br-+3H2O 1.423 I(I)-(0) 2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2O 1.439 Cl(V)-(-I) ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O 1.451 Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O 1.455 Cl(V)-(0) ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O 1.47 Cl(I)-(-I) HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O 1.482 Br(V)-(0) BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O 1.482 Au(III)-(0) Au3++3e-=Au 1.498 Mn(VII)-(II) MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O 1.507 Mn(III)-(II) Mn3++e-=Mn2+ 1.5415 Cl(III)-(-I) HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O 1.570 Br(I)-(0) HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O 1.574 N(II)-(I) 2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O 1.591 I(VII)-(V) H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O 1.601 Cl(I)-(0) HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O 1.611 Cl(III)-(I) HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O 1.645 Ni(IV)-(II) NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O 1.678 Mn(VII)-(IV) MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O 1.679 Pb(IV)-(II) PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e-=PbSO4+2H2O 1.6913 Au(I)-(0) Au++e-=Au 1.692 Ce(IV)-(III) Ce4++e-=Ce3+ 1.72 N(I)-(0) N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2O 1.766 O(-I)-(-II) H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O 1.776 Co(III)-(II) Co3++e-=Co2+(2mol·L-1 H2SO4) 1.83 Ag(II)-(I) Ag2++e-=Ag+ 1.980 S(VII)-(VI) S2O82-+2e-=2SO42- 2.010 O(0)-(-II) O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O 2.076 O(II)-(-II) F2O+2H++4e-=H2O+2F- 2.153 Fe(VI)-(III) FeO42-+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O 2.20 O(0)-(-II) O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O 2.421 F(0)-(-I) F2+2e-=2F- 2.866 F2+2H++2e-=2HF 3.053

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