how many years will have to pass______scientists succeed in providing a treatment for cancer?a,until b.before until 和before 的区别.

how many years will have to pass______scientists succeed in providing a treatment for cancer?a,until b.before until 和before 的区别.
how many years will have to pass______scientists succeed in providing a treatment for cancer?
a,until b.before
until 和before 的区别.

how many years will have to pass______scientists succeed in providing a treatment for cancer?a,until b.before until 和before 的区别.
这道题选 B
在日常的英语学习中,我们遇到before和until时,往往会将二者搞错.其实,只要我们能把握住两者在使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的还是延续性的,是肯定式还是否定式两大特点,就能很容易地解决这类问题.
一、在下列情况下,两者可互换用,但含义略有不同.before表示“在……之前”的意思,强调时间先后关系；而until表示“直到……才”的意思,主句是肯定句则表示主句动作的终止时间；主句是否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间.
1.主句为否定式终止性谓语动词.常见的动词是open,start,leave,arrive,finish,stop等.例如：
(1)The noise of the street didn"t stop until/before it was midnight.
(2)The children won"t come back until/before it is dark.
(3)I didn"t leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.
2.主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词,这类动词用stand,stay,talk,be,wait等.例如：
(1)He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.
(2)I will wait until/before he comes to my help.
(3)I shall stay here until/before you come back.
二、下列情况下宜用before不用until.
1．主句为肯定式,谓语为终止性动词时只用before.
1) He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
2) We arrived there before it started to rain.
3) The holiday came to an end before I knew it.
4) He almost knocked me down before he saw me.
2．主句谓语动词强调动作的迟缓性,只用before,这时常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示.
It was quite a long time before he found the elephant.过了很长时间,他才找到大象.
We had walked a long way before we found some water.走了很长的路我们才找到水.
We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.航行了两天我们才发现陆地.
It was midnight before my brother came home.我哥哥直到半夜才回来.
3．如果强调从句谓语动作未发生就发生主句谓语动作,只用before,这时常译为“未及（不等）……就……”
1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.趁天还不太热,我们上午早点离开.
2)I must write it down before I forget it.趁我还未忘,我必须把它记下来.
4．表示“与其说……倒不如……”,“与其……毋宁……”的意思时只用before.
I would give up my job before I agree to be dismissed.我与其被解雇还不如先辞职.
He will die of hunger before he steals.他宁愿饿死也不愿意去偷.
5．在某些特定句型中用before.
It was (not) long before…（不久）过了很长时间才…
It will (not) be long before…（不到）要过很长时间才会… For example:
It will probably not be long before they understand each other.他们大概过不久就会互相了解.
It was not long before the whole country rose up.不久全国人民奋起反抗.
三、下列情况一般使用until
1．主句是持续性谓语动词时,肯定,否定都可以,但意义完全不同,肯定表示动作终止,而否定表示动作开始.For example:
1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back.我们一直讨论到他回来.
2)We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.我们一直等他回来才讨论问题.
2．Not…until…句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换使用,但在强调句中一般仍用until;
1).It was not until he told me that I knew it.直到他告诉我我才知道这件事.
2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.直到完成作业他才回家.
3．放于句首时用until.
Until he finished his homework he didn’t go home.直到完成作业他才回家.
应注意：在使用not until时,若not until放于句首,句子应部分倒装.
Not until he finished his homework did he go home.直到完成作业他才回家.
四、其他技巧
1.before只是陈述以前的事实,用until则着重后来的变化情况：This book was so interesting that he read it for three hours until he realized it.
2.until引出的分句内容是真实的,而before引出的分句的内容可能是真实的,也可以是非真实的：Let"s wait until the rain stops.
Pig will fly before he"ll become a mathematician.

until [,ʌn'til] conj. 在…以前；直到…时
prep. 在…以前；到…为止
before [bi'fɔ:] prep. 在…之前，先于
adv. 在前；以前
conj. 在…以前；在…之前
A

B 还要多少年科学家才能找到治疗癌症的方法
before 在。。。之前，题中表达的是在找到治疗癌症的方法前还要多少年，选B
until 之直到。。。 若用until要去掉“to pass”

B 还要多少年科学家才能找到治疗癌症的方法
before 在。。。之前，题中表达的是在找到治疗癌症的方法前还要多少年，选B
until 之直到。。。 若用until要去掉“to pass”

before 记住这句话好了 靠语感