求教英语高手一篇Lsat阅读www.bokao.net/bokao_exam_data/3/show.asp?AD=3212第一篇文章

求教英语高手一篇Lsat阅读www.bokao.net/bokao_exam_data/3/show.asp?AD=3212第一篇文章
求教英语高手一篇Lsat阅读
www.bokao.net/bokao_exam_data/3/show.asp?AD=3212
第一篇文章

求教英语高手一篇Lsat阅读www.bokao.net/bokao_exam_data/3/show.asp?AD=3212第一篇文章
LAST阅读全真题选编：
SECTION 1
Directions: Each passage in this section if followed by a group of
questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passage. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably
answer the question, However, you are to choose the best answer; that is,
the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and
blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
The fairness of the judicial process depends on the objective
presentation of facts to an impartial jury made up of one's peers. Present
the facts, and you have a fair trial
(5)However, fact-finding, especially for interpersonal disagreements,
is not so straightforward and is often contaminated by variables that reach
beyond the legal domain.
(10)A trial is an attempt to transport jurors to the time and place of
the disputed event, to recreate the disputed event, or at least to explain
that event with maximum accuracy. A trial falls short of this goal, however.
(15)because it presents selected witnesses who recite selected portions
of their respective memories concerning selected observations of the
disputed event. These multiple selections are referred to as the
abstraction process.
(20)Limitations in both perception and memory are responsible for the
fact that the remembered event contains only a fraction of the detail
present during the actual event, and the delay between observation and
(25)recitation causes witnesses' memories to lose even more of the
original perceptions. During the course of a trial, a witness's recitation
of the now-abstracted events may reflect selected disclosure based on his
or her
(30)attitudes and motivations surrounding that testimony. Furthermore,
the incidents reported are dependent on the lines of inquiry established by
the attorneys involved. Accordingly, the recited data are a

(35)fraction of the remembered data, which are a fraction of the
observed data, which are a fraction of the total data for the event. After
the event that led to the trial has been abstracted by participants in the
trial, jurors
(40)are expected to resolve factual issues. Some of the jurors'
conclusions are based on facts that were directly recited; others are found
inferentially. Here another abstraction process takes place. Discussions
during deliberations.
(45)add to the collective pool of recalled evidentiary perceptions;
nonetheless, the jurors' abstraction processes further reduce the number of
characteristics traceable to the number of characteristics traceable to the
original event.
(50)Complication can arise from false abstractions at each stage.
Studies have shown that witnesses recall having perceived incidents that
are known to be absent from a given event. Conversely, jurors can remember
(55)hearing evidence that is unaccounted for in court
transcripts.Explanations for these phenomena range from blas through prior
conditioning or observer expectation to taully reportage of the event based
on the event based on the
(60)constraints of alnguage. Aberrant abstractions in perception or
deliberate, but reliability is nevertheiess diluted. Finally, deliberate
untruthfulness has always
(65)been recognized as a risk of testimoniat evidence. Such
intentionally false inaccuracies produced by the abstraction process.

1. In this passage, the author's main purpose is to
(A) discuss a process that jeopardizes the famness of jury trials
(B) analyze a methodology that safeguards the individual's right to
fair trial
(C) explain why jurors should view eyewiness testimony with skepticism
(D) defend the trial-by-jury process, despite its limitations
(E) point out the unavoidable abuses that have crept into the judicral
process
2.The author considers all of the following obstacies to a fair trial
EXCEFT
(A) selective perceptions
(B) faulty communications
(C) partial disclosures
(D) intentional falsifications
(E) too few abstractions
3.The author would most likely agree that the abstraction process
occurs in the judicial process primarily because
(A) some jurors' conclusions are based on facts rather than on
inferences
(B) remembered events depend upon an undividual's emotions
(C) human beings are the sources and users of data presented in trials
(D) it is difficult to distinguish between deliberate faisenood and
unintentional selected disclosure
(E) witnesses often dispute on eanother's recoliections of events
4.It can be inferred that the author believes the ability of juries to
resolve factual issues is
(A) Lmited by any individual juror's tendency to draw inferences from
the facts presented during the trial
(B) Overwhelmed by the collective pool of recalled evidentiary
perceptions
(C) Unaffected by the process of trying to reenact the event leading to
the trial
(D) Dependent upon the jury's ability to understand the influence of
the abstraction process on testimony
(E) Subject to the same limitations of perception and memory that
affect witnesses

5.With which one of the following statements would the author most
likely agree?
(A) If deliberate untruthfulness were all the courts had to contend
with, jury trials would be fairer than they are today.
(B) Lack of moral standards is more of an impediment to a fair trial
than human frailty.
(C) The bulk of the inaccuracies produced by the abstraction process
are innocently presented and rarely have any serious consequences.
(D) If the inaccuracies resulting from the abstraction process persist,
the present trial-by-jury system is likely to become a thing of the past.
(E) Once intentional falsification of evidence is eliminated from
trials, ensuring an accurate presentation of facts will easily follow.

6.The author's attitude toward the abstraction process that occurs when
witnesses testify in a trial can best be described as
(A) confident that witnesses can be conditioned to overcome many
limitations of memory
(B) concerned that it may undermine witnesses ability to accurately
describe the original event in dispute
(C) critical of witnesses' motivations when delivering testimony
(D) indifferent toward the effect the abstraction process has on
testimony
(E) suspicious of witnesses' efforts to describe remembered events
truthfully

7.Given the information in the passage, the actual event that is
disputed in a jury trial is most like
(A) a group of job applicants that is narrowed down to a few finalists
(B) a subject that is photographed from varjed and increasingly distant
vantage points
(C) scraps of fabric that are sewn together to make an intricately
designed quilt
(D) a puzzle that is unsystematically assembled through trial and error
(E) a lie that is compounded by additional lies in order to be
maintained
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