英语翻译PUBLIC VESSELS AND THE LIEN ACTThe language of the Lien Act exempting public vessels should be read part passu with the no lien clause in the Public Vessels Act.This explanation makes the most sense in the context of the legislative histo

英语翻译PUBLIC VESSELS AND THE LIEN ACTThe language of the Lien Act exempting public vessels should be read part passu with the no lien clause in the Public Vessels Act.This explanation makes the most sense in the context of the legislative histo
英语翻译
PUBLIC VESSELS AND THE LIEN ACT
The language of the Lien Act exempting public vessels should be read part passu with the no lien clause in the Public Vessels Act.This explanation makes the most sense in the context of the legislative history.In its history and comments,Congress shows no intention to make an exception to or to overrule in any way the SAA or the PVA.In fact,the history noted supra indicates a desire to maintain the status quo under those Acts.Looking to the Department of Transportation letter,117 it seems to indicate a desire to ensure that no liens could arise against government vessels which could be enforced against subsequent purchasers.The remainder of the legislative history indicates a lack of a fundamental understanding of the existing law.Congressman Davis states "the long rule" that no actions under "lien theories" may be brought against the government.118 However the SAA clearly allows actions on in rem theories to go forward in personam 119 and as discussed supra,the PVA has also been interpreted to allow these actions.[*22] Moreover,prior to the passage of the Lien Act,no authority has been found to indicate that the government could not be sued for necessaries supplied to a government vessel in an in personam action.120
Claims for necessaries against the government should be re-examined by the courts in the context of the unique qualities of maritime liens and actions in rem.The non-existence of a lien should only mean that the vessel cannot be arrested; it should not be equated with the non-existence of a cause of action in personam.
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英语翻译PUBLIC VESSELS AND THE LIEN ACTThe language of the Lien Act exempting public vessels should be read part passu with the no lien clause in the Public Vessels Act.This explanation makes the most sense in the context of the legislative histo
公务船与留置法案
公务船留置豁免的语言应该根据公务船法案没有留置条款进行解读.本解释在立法史语境下最具有深意,在立法史和法律评论上,国会并没有表明其意图去做出例外规定或者以任何方式去推翻SAA或者PVA,实际上,从历史来看,最高院至少表明了其在这些法案方面维持现状的意图.纵观交通部许可证117,似乎显示了其意图去确保针对政府公务船舶的再购买人会出现的留置权持否定态度.其他的立法史显示了对现有法律缺乏基本的理解.国会议员戴维斯指出,基于留置权理论的无诉权的长时期的施行有可能针对政府而出现.118然而SAA清楚表明支持对物诉讼理论,并进而走向了对人诉讼理论.119正如最高院说争论的,PVA已经被解释为允许此种诉讼提出.进而,留置权法案通过之前,没有权威理论显示,在对人诉讼中,其支持适用于政府船舶紧急避险的政府部门不能作为被告的理论存在.
针对政府部门的紧急避险诉讼应该被法院重新审查,特别是在海事留置权和对人诉讼的特殊情况下更是如此.没有留置权存在应该只意味着船舶不能被扣押,也不能等同于对人诉讼的理由不存在.