英语翻译In order to make the TDR a success in Hong Kong,it is necessary to establish an efficient,open,fair and transparent system so that there is clarity and a reasonable procedure for the public to follow.The Hong Kong experience and additiona

英语翻译In order to make the TDR a success in Hong Kong,it is necessary to establish an efficient,open,fair and transparent system so that there is clarity and a reasonable procedure for the public to follow.The Hong Kong experience and additiona
英语翻译
In order to make the TDR a success in Hong Kong,it is necessary to establish an efficient,open,fair and transparent system so that there is clarity and a reasonable procedure for the public to follow.The Hong Kong experience and additional control mechanisms required for implementing the TDR are considered here.Lessons from Letters A and B Hong Kong practiced some kind of transfer of development rights in the form of land redemption certificates commonly known as Letters A and B during the 1960s to 1980s.According to the former Director of Lands,Bob Pope,5 these redemption certificates were issued to fulfill the desire of indigenous New Territories landowners for owning land.Pope argued that an attachment to the land was established long ago as the rural community had by tradition made a living through farming and were dependent on land to survive.Major clans had owned land for generations and were influential in local politics,as such their cooperation was beneficial in new town development and the government was keen to appease them by offering two square feet of building land in exchange for five square feet of agricultural land resumed.Building land surrendered was exchanged on a foot for foot basis.In the final phase of operating Letters A and B,the government was concerned that there was insufficient land for redemption by certificate holders.The i s suance of Let ter s A and B came to a halt in the early 1980s.A flexible approach was made and the government allowed Letters A and B to be used as cash in land premium payment,rates and government rent.In the mid- to late-1980s,most remaining Letters A and B ended up in the hands of major developers like Henderson and Chinachem.They were allowed to bid for prime sites in the new town areas such as sites near the Shatin Race Course.Huge profits were made following the soaring property prices,and developers were able to movethese remote rural development rights around without much restriction.Lai (2002) believed that as well as opening up new development areas in the New Territories without offending the indigenous villages,the certificates of land entitlements method also promoted urban renewal in the old urban areas,and hence more balanced development in the core and peripheral areas.One could argue that the Letters A and B system had taken a different role from its original purpose and became a form of TDR.In most cases the original rural sites being compulsorily acquired were in places like Yuen Long,Tuen Mun and Taipo.Through trading,the passage of time and eventual redemption,building land lots were granted to developers in places such as Tsuen Wan and Shatinthus transferring development rights across districts.Because of this measure the government was able to assemble land and to complete important infrastructure projects with minimal administrative cost or use of public funds.

英语翻译In order to make the TDR a success in Hong Kong,it is necessary to establish an efficient,open,fair and transparent system so that there is clarity and a reasonable procedure for the public to follow.The Hong Kong experience and additiona
为了使贸发报告在香港的成功,有必要建立一个有效,公开,公平和透明的制度,让有明确和公众一个合理的程序可以依循.香港的经验和更多的控制实施贸易和发展报告所需的机制被认为是在这里.教训信件甲乙香港实行的土地证书通常被赎回英皇称为A和B,在20世纪60年代至80年代形成的一些发展这种权利的转让.根据土地,布培5赎回前总这些证书的发放对象为完成对土地的拥有新界原土地所有者的愿望.教宗认为,对土地的依恋被确定为农村社会早已提出了由传统农业生活,通过并依赖土地生存.主要部族曾经拥有的土地和世世代代在当地的政治影响力,因为这种合作是有益的新市镇发展和政府热衷于安抚同时提供两种建设为5平方呎农地交换收回土地平方英尺他们.建筑用地投降是在一个脚脚交换的基础.在经营书的最后阶段A和B,政府关注,有由证书持有人的赎回土地不足.该是让三suance禳A和B来到一个在80年代初停止.灵活的办法了,政府允许字母A和B是在地价,差饷和地租现金使用.在中后期,20世纪80年代,大多数,其余的字母A和B的结束,如恒基兆业和华懋大地产商的手中.他们被允许在新镇区内的主要网站的出价,如附近的沙田马场的网站.巨额的利润后,作出了高楼价,以及开发能够movethese没有太多限制,偏远的农村发展权左右.赖（2002）认为,以及开放,没有得罪土著乡村新界新发展区,土地权利证书的方法也促进了旧区重建,因此更平衡发展的核心和周边地区.人们可以认为,A和B系统已经采取了从原来的目的,不同的角色,成为贸易和发展报告的形式信函.在大多数原农村土地被强制收购的个案,如元朗,屯门及大埔的地方.通过交易,最终的时间和赎回通道,建设用地批出土地,如荃湾及Shatinthus转让地方开发整个地区的发展权.由于这项措施的政府能够征集土地,并完成以最小的行政费用或使用公共资金的重要基础设施项目.