英语翻译5.Architectural design and building modelsThe previous review was based on the available literature on Parametric Design and CAD.The kind of application that this literature is addressing has more to do with Mechanical Engineering and Com

英语翻译5.Architectural design and building modelsThe previous review was based on the available literature on Parametric Design and CAD.The kind of application that this literature is addressing has more to do with Mechanical Engineering and Com
英语翻译
5.Architectural design and building models
The previous review was based on the available literature on Parametric Design and CAD.The kind of application that this literature is addressing has more to do with Mechanical Engineering and Computer-Aided Production,although there are a few papers related directly with the construction industry.But we are interested in architectural education and architectural practice and there are strong differences between these fields.The main one is that CAD,as used by engineers,applies mainly to objects that will be repeated many times and that are not rooted to any particular site.This is exactly the opposite of what happens in architecture.Keeping these differences in mind,let us now see how the previous review can relate to our field of interest.
(a) Variants programming is a well-established topic among the architects who use CAD and have some programming knowledge.Small elements,in 2D and 3D,can be created by means of some recorded procedure that requests the value of a few parameters when it is called by the user,activates the adequate commands from the modeler and produces and inserts a variant of a generic element on the master model.During the last few years,we have produced a wide collection of elements of this kind using AutoLisp.From such utilities as routines that open a hole in a wall,in 2D or 3D,and insert a pre-defined door or window,or routines that compute the dimensions and create a stair that runs from a given position on a floor to another position on the next floor,or routines that generate automatically other common building elements,etc.,to other more speculative types that can,e.g.,create geometrical compositions in a fixed or random way.We take it for granted that this kind of work is well-known,so we will not show any results of this kind in this paper.Some of these results will be published at our university and can be acquired by those interested.There is also a book by William Mitchell (The Art of Computer Graphics Programming.A structured introduction for Architects and Designers,1987),that can still provide a fine introduction to this subject with routines written in Pascal but easily translated to other programming languages.
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英语翻译5.Architectural design and building modelsThe previous review was based on the available literature on Parametric Design and CAD.The kind of application that this literature is addressing has more to do with Mechanical Engineering and Com
5.建筑设计与施工模型
前面的综述建立在参数化设计（也叫尺寸驱动）和计算机辅助设计的基础上.尽管少数论文和建筑业有直接关系,但机械工程和计算机辅助生产方面的应用文献尚有欠缺.我们对建筑教育和建筑实践很感兴趣,这两个领域有很大区别：主要不同点是工程师使用的计算机辅助设计主要用于可重复多次且不局限于特定位点的对象.事实上这与建筑物中的情形相反.让我们记住这些不同点,看看前面的综述是如何与我们感兴趣的领域相联系的.
(a) 变量编程是使用计算机辅助设计并具有编程知识的建筑师的较完备的课题.在用户需要时,小型二维和三维元素可通过仅要求少数参数值的记录程序来创建,由模型师激活足够的指令、执行、并在主模型上插入一个衍生元素的变量.最近几年中,我们用AutoLisp软件对这种元素进行了广泛收集.这些应用,如在墙上开一个二维或三维洞插入预定义门窗,或计算维数并创建从一层楼指定位置到相邻楼层另一位置的楼梯,或自动生成其他常见建筑元素等,能被推广到其他更加不确定的类型,如以固定或随机方式创建几何组成部分.我们想当然地认为这种工作众所周知,故本文不演示这种结果.某些结果将在我们大学发表并能让感兴趣的人查阅.威廉姆-米切尔所著的书《计算机图形处理艺术-建筑师和设计师建构导论》（1987)能对该学科提供很好的介绍,尽管这本书用Pascal（一种结构程序设计语言）语言编写,但是容易翻译成其他程序语言.