costly behavior怎么翻译Social Signaling HypothesisPeople may escalate to the use of NSSI as a means of commu-nication when less intense strategies (e.g., speaking, yelling)have failed due to poor signal quality or clarity, or when suchstrategies

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costlybehavior怎么翻译SocialSignalingHypothesisPeoplemayescalatetotheuseofNSSIasameansofcommu-nicationwh

costly behavior怎么翻译Social Signaling HypothesisPeople may escalate to the use of NSSI as a means of commu-nication when less intense strategies (e.g., speaking, yelling)have failed due to poor signal quality or clarity, or when suchstrategies
costly behavior怎么翻译
Social Signaling Hypothesis
People may escalate to the use of NSSI as a means of commu-
nication when less intense strategies (e.g., speaking, yelling)
have failed due to poor signal quality or clarity, or when such
strategies have not produced the desired effect due to an un-
responsive or invalidating environment (Nock, 2008; Wedig &
Nock, 2007). In addition to providing a more intense signal,
NSSI may be especially effective as a means of social commu-
nication and influence precisely because it is a harmful, and thus
costly, behavior (Hagen, Watson, & Hammerstein, 2008; Nock,
2008).

costly behavior怎么翻译Social Signaling HypothesisPeople may escalate to the use of NSSI as a means of commu-nication when less intense strategies (e.g., speaking, yelling)have failed due to poor signal quality or clarity, or when suchstrategies
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【解析】：
It is a harmful and thus costly behavior.
这是一种有害的、代价高的行为.
这里的costly 不作“昂贵”讲,根据harmful应该是“代价高”的意思.


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社会信号hypothesispeople可升级的NSSI的使用作为一种手段，通信时不太激烈的策略（例如，说话，叫喊）由于信号质量较差或清晰度失败，或者当suchstrategies没有产生一个联合国的反应或无效的环境所需的效果（诺克，2008；韦迪希和诺克，2007）。除了提供一个更强烈的信号，可能是特别有效的NSSI作为社会通信手段和影响fl正是因为它是有害的，并且thuscostl...

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社会信号hypothesispeople可升级的NSSI的使用作为一种手段，通信时不太激烈的策略（例如，说话，叫喊）由于信号质量较差或清晰度失败，或者当suchstrategies没有产生一个联合国的反应或无效的环境所需的效果（诺克，2008；韦迪希和诺克，2007）。除了提供一个更强烈的信号，可能是特别有效的NSSI作为社会通信手段和影响fl正是因为它是有害的，并且thuscostly，行为（哈根，华生，和哈默，2008；箭尾，2008）。

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社会信号HypothesisPeople可能升级为NSSI的使用作为一种commu-nication当没那么强烈的策略(如。 、说、叫喊)失败了由于不良信号质量和清晰度,或当suchstrategies没有产生预期的效果由于联合国响应或无效环境(诺,2008;Wedig &Nock,2007)。除了提供一个更强烈的信号,NSSI可能尤其有效,作为一种社会commu-nication和影响力正是因为...

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社会信号HypothesisPeople可能升级为NSSI的使用作为一种commu-nication当没那么强烈的策略(如。 、说、叫喊)失败了由于不良信号质量和清晰度,或当suchstrategies没有产生预期的效果由于联合国响应或无效环境(诺,2008;Wedig &Nock,2007)。除了提供一个更强烈的信号,NSSI可能尤其有效,作为一种社会commu-nication和影响力正是因为它是有害的,thuscostly、行为(哈根,沃森,&汉默斯坦,2008;诺,2008)。

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postcracking behavior怎么翻译 costly behavior怎么翻译Social Signaling HypothesisPeople may escalate to the use of NSSI as a means of commu-nication when less intense strategies (e.g., speaking, yelling)have failed due to poor signal quality or clarity, or when suchstrategies But what doesn’t make sense is the object the behavior‘s directed towards.这句怎么翻译呢, But what doesn’t make sense is the object the behavior‘s directed towards.这句怎么翻译呢,谢谢 Some like the children's funny and lovely behavior翻译 function's behavior什么意思?是数学里面的 function是方程,但是后面的behavior怎么解释呢? There’s no excuse for behavior like that.请问这句的怎么理解呢? behavior of the L^2 relative error for the three methods 这个应该怎么翻译 Why is animal behavior important?怎么翻译比较好,这是一个标题? 英语翻译Later he kept over his behavior.主要是keep ...over怎么翻译。 怎样翻译Phenomena of Phantom-carrying Behavior human behavior in business organization翻译 英语词组翻译（经济学）costly activities是什么?经济学上这个词是什么意思？ .____ nearly all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.a./ b ,that c,it is acceptable d.when为什么选B,怎么翻译呀,题干怎么翻译 一道托福改错题Behavior modification techniques work best with problems that manifest itself in overt actions.怎么翻译? moreover,efforts to adopt the local customs and behavior enable foreign tourists to better appreciate 怎么翻译 when a man is invited to an englishman's home,the proper behavior?and to an american 's home?不要翻译，英文哦 英语翻译...can then be derived from certain assumptions to take the follewing form that represents observed experimental behavior reasonably well:to 后面是什么成分,that 后面是什么从句,怎么翻译,没有宾语吗behavior 是什么