秦始皇的英文故事

秦始皇的英文故事
秦始皇的英文故事

秦始皇的英文故事
7月26日 临潼 晴
随着汽车接近临潼,秦代历史浮现于眼前.
秦始皇13岁即位,23岁亲理朝政,30-39岁统一中国,50岁卒.史书评价他思想锐敏,果敢决断,残忍暴戾,奢糜无变,具有狂热的征服欲；同时,他也是中国历史上最勤勉的皇帝之一.秦始皇即位后就建造陵墓,直到他死后全国爆发大规模农民起义,才不得不草草结束,历时38年.秦始皇横征暴敛,倾尽国力建造陵园和阿房宫.企图死后在冥界继续统治中国.因而陵园里应有尽有.陵园由内外两重城垣包围,陵冢在南,寝殿在北.在陵冢旁建造寝殿史上绝无仅有.现在寝殿已经化为乌有,但从仅有的考古发现——巨型夔纹瓦当的大小推测,这座宫殿是何等宏伟,何等辉煌!始皇相信“罔象”会危及人死后的灵魂,他要在陵上裁植松柏去驱赶“罔象”,因而并非建造巨石陵墓.可以说,埃及法老把金字塔建在地上,秦始皇则把金字塔建在了地下.
考古家开始以为有双重城垣的陵园便是始皇陵的全部.随着陵墓东1.5公里处的兵马俑坑、陵东350米东门大道两侧的陪葬墓、殉坑以及陵西20米的铜车马坑的出土,一个不可思议的设想令考古家大为吃惊.始皇陵坐西向东（这是当时的传统葬俗）.地宫宫墙四周都有斜坡通道,各向均一,唯东门有五条,证明东门是主门.到底东门在哪里?《史记》载,秦始皇35年（B212）“立石东海上朐界,以为秦东门.”在今连云港朐县海上竖起了帝国的东大门.2000多年从没有人将这两项工程联系起来,可是地理学家惊人地发现,咸阳-始皇陵-秦东门居然位于同一纬度上!从向东肃立的兵马俑以及始皇对东方蓬莱仙境的向往,想象一下陵园的尽头——在黄海之滨!
如果说在2000多年前人们是怎样掌握地球表面高精度测量与计算是一个谜,那么兵马俑、铜车马坑、地宫的谜多着呢.
兵马俑在1974年发现.其实此前早有发现,只是谁也没当回事：骊山北麓的西杨村民祖辈流传着“瓦王爷”的传说——打井、掘墓不时碰上“瓦王爷”,这就是秦俑.兵马俑出土时清理出一座东汉墓,也证明东汉人已找到过兵马俑.兵马俑工程不见于任何历史文献记载.也许是因为工程半途而废.始皇,二世原意要塑造一支宿卫军,除左、中、右军还有“军幕”——指挥系统.现在发现的1号坑是左军,2号坑是右军,3号坑是指挥部（完全发掘）,4号坑因农民起义而停止工程,只挖出土圹,没来得及铺砖棚木,更没有放入兵马俑.3年后其它坑又遭到破坏：项羽占领关中,焚毁始皇陵园地上建筑,兵马俑坑比地面高出2米,也遭殃及.俑坑被匆匆搜掠兵器后即付之一炬.此后被山洪掩埋至今.
走进这1、2、3号坑的陈列大厅,我们震惊了!一支2000年前的古代军队迎面而来,军容严整,气势雄壮,锐不可挡.刹那间,我们感到战马嘶鸣,军鼓震天.陶俑面部表情丰富,战马的肥硕雄壮,栩栩如生.欧洲美学家一直对古希腊罗马写实主义雕塑引以为豪,奚落中国美术史根本没有这种艺术.兵马俑的发现,令中外美术史学家膛目结舌.我们终于找到了中国美术史上缺失的东方古典写实主义雕塑艺术这一页!兴奋的同时,我们又困惑了：秦俑的艺术风格竟在后世神秘消失!史学家考证,塑造秦俑的这批大师,无一逃脱被活埋的命运.这多么不可思议啊,被秦二世活埋的不仅是艺术家,而且是一门艺术啊!这迫使汉代雕塑重新起步,从而在佛教文化影响下走向另一方向.史学界对秦始皇功过争论不休,其中就在于——他创造了辉煌,却又亲手埋葬了这些辉煌.
秦俑被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”.我认为世界七大奇迹中只有金字塔能与之相提并论.秦俑里的谜让人震惊不已.例如3号坑是军队指挥部,竟然缺少了一个最关键的人物——统帅!再如秦兵器深埋2000年仍保持锋利,（经分析其表面有一层0.01mm的含铬氧化层）,在远未发明电的年代居然有电镀般的防锈技术!
铜车马坑只出土了两辆车,考古家猜测共有81辆.秦始皇的那一辆,很可能是纯金的!车马坑址在陵西,我们现在在兵马俑旁的陈列馆里就能见到它了.铜车马按真实尺寸的一半塑造,从造型到彩绘,气宇轩昂,叹观止矣.巧妙的机械构造更是拍案叫绝.
最后一个奇迹是：关中七十二陵,几乎没有哪个能逃脱被盗厄运,而始皇陵却保存完好.史学家们相信,是一场历史误会使始皇陵得以保护.项羽入关后,熊熊烈火把秦宫烧了三个月,咸阳变为一片废墟.刘邦列举项羽十大罪状,其中一条就是盗掘始皇陵.刘邦成为汉高祖后,“金口玉言”,绝对权威,谁敢为项羽翻案?其实,百年之后以治史严谨著称的司马迁著《史记》时对此巧妙处理,意味深长.《项羽本记》对项羽掘陵只字不提,仅在《高祖本纪》中记述了刘邦数列项羽罪状.我认为,单凭刘邦的讹传并不能让盗墓者死心,就连司马迁也没相信刘邦的话.史载秦始皇陵地宫“以水银为百川江河大海”,考古家已确认了陵冢含汞量异常,证实墓家末被盗掘焚烧.我想一定是灌注的水银令盗墓者望而却步.考古家发现地宫远处有两个盗洞,挖了不到十米就放弃了,盗墓者很可能就是水银蒸汽中毒.也不得不承认秦始皇的权威在某种程度上令盗墓者却步.
不要说古代盗墓者,就是处在高科技时代的我们,对发掘工作也束手无策.何况我们发掘要考虑永久性保护的问题.这是一笔全人类的巨大历史文化遗产啊!里面埋藏了惊世奇迹,埋藏了超级悬念……
还是让我们想象吧……
离开秦俑博物馆往回返,途径始皇陵.我们在外面看了一眼,没进去.只见一个小山包,就是一个很大的坟,并非如我们想象般雄伟.陵道从底延伸至山顶.我们所见的这一道应该是北大道了,让我的想象插上翅膀飞到山顶上向东看吧!该看到些什么呢?
306车的下一站是华清池.我们的记忆从秦朝来到了唐代.
骊山山麓温泉喷涌,风景秀丽多姿,为历代帝王游幸之地.周代始有建筑,至唐,开始大举营建宫殿楼阁.唐玄宗扩建后取名为华清宫,因建筑群以温泉为特征,故又称华清池,沿用至今.?春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂?,玄宗与杨贵妃的爱情故事就在这里发生.
温泉现在四个泉眼,水温终年恒定在43℃,其矿物质有益身心.我们看到老外在乐呵呵地洗脸,也花5角钱洗一下,好烫!
我们来到唐御汤遗址.汤,就是浴池,足有一个小游泳池大小.皇帝沐浴的地方,肯定有围护的建筑,一千多年过去了,这些建设已不复存在,但柱基就永久地保留下来.现在在遗址上盖了仿唐建筑,进去后可以看到前代建筑的柱基.考古学家就是根据这些柱基而确认史载的星辰汤、莲花汤、海棠汤、太子汤和尚食汤遗址的.
遗址后面有著名建筑五间厅,因“西安事变”而闻名.“西安事变”时,蒋介石住在五间厅,刚睡醒听说杨虎城将军要逮他,穿着睡衣拖鞋翻墙逃去后山.翻墙时不小心落下一只拖鞋!卫兵们摸到被窝还暖,又看到一只拖鞋,断定蒋逃上后山.终于在现在的兵谏亭处找到蒋.看着这歇山五间建筑,感叹当年发生了如此惊心动魄的故事.我们在山下远远看到了兵谏亭,“藏”在郁郁葱葱的骊山半山上.
On July 26 Lintong is clear
Approaches Lintong along with the automobile, a Qin generationof history reappears to at present.
The Chin Shihhuang 13 years old take a seat, 23 years old kiss theprinciple royal government, 30-39 year old unifies China, 50 years olddied. The history book appraises his thought 锐敏, the courageousresolution, cruel is cruel, the extravagant broom corn millet 无变,has frantically conquers the desire; At the same time, he also is inthe Chinese history most assiduous emperor one. After Chin Shihhuangtakes a seat constructs the mausoleum, died the nation after him toerupt the large-scale peasant uprising, only then can not butcarelessly finish, lasts for 38 years. Chin Shihhuang 横征暴敛,leans the completely national strength to construct the cemetary andepang palace. After the attempt dies in is deep continues to ruleChina. Thus in the cemetary has everything expected to find. Thecemetary by inside and outside twofold city wall surrounding, themausoleum tomb in the south, sleeps the palace in the north. In theconstruction bedroom palace history is unique nearby the mausoleumtomb. Now the bedroom palace already vanished into thin air, but fromthe archaeology which only had discovered - the giant 夔 grain eavestile size extrapolated, this palace was what kind grand, what kind ismagnificent! 始皇 believed "deceives the elephant" to be able toendanger the person to die the after soul, he must cut in themausoleum plants the pine and cypress to drive away "deceives theelephant", thus constructs the megalith mausoleum by no means. It canbe said that, the Egyptian pharaohs construct pyramid on the place,Chin Shihhuang constructed pyramid in underground.
The archaeology starts to think has the dual city wall the cemetarythen is the beginning imperial tomb complete. Along with the mausoleumeast east 1.5 kilometers place burial figures of warriors and horsespits, the mausoleum 350 meters east gates main roads two sides areburied along with the dead the grave, die for west the pit as well asthe mausoleum 20 meters copper chariot pits unearthed, aninconceivable tentative plan greatly for is startled the archaeology.West the beginning imperial tomb sat (this is then tradition buriesvulgarly) to the east. The mausoleum chamber palace wall all aroundall has the pitch channel, respectively to one, only east gate somefive, proved the east gate is the main gate. East gate in where?"Shihchi" carries, the Chin Shihhuang 35 years (B212)"sets up in stoneEast China Sea 朐, thinks the Qin east gate." Marine has raised upthe empire east front door in now Lienyungang 朐 county. More than2,000 years relate from nobody these two projects, but the geographerastonishingly discovered, the Xianyang - beginning imperial tomb - Qineast gate unexpectedly is located in the identical latitude! Fromburial figures of warriors and horses which stands out of respect tothe east as well as 始皇 to Eastern Penglai fairyland yearning for,imagines the cemetary the terminus - shore of in the Yellow Sea!
How if is grasps the earth's surface high-accuracy survey and thecomputation in more than 2,000 year predecessors is a riddle, then theburial figures of warriors and horses, the copper chariot pit, themausoleum chamber riddle are being many.
The burial figures of warriors and horses discovered in 1974. Actuallythis morning of the day before yesterday had the discovery, who onlywas has not worked as matter: North the Li the foothill west Yangvillagers ancestry is spreading "tile prince" the fable - drills thewell, 掘墓 often bumps into "tile prince", this is the Qin burialpuppet. The burial figures of warriors and horses are unearthed whencleans up an Eastern Han Dynasty grave, also proved the Eastern HanDynasty person had found the burial figures of warriors and horses.The burial figures of warriors and horses project does not see to anyhistorical literature record. Perhaps is because the project gives uphalfway. 始皇, two th original intentions need to mold to sleep thehealth armed force, except is left, center, the right armed force alsohas "the armed force curtain" - the command system. Now discovered 1pit is the left armed force, 2 pits are the right armed forces, 3 pitsare the headquarters (completely excavate), 4 pits stop the projectbecause of the peasant uprising, the dug out earth 圹, does not onlyhave with enough time the paving brick awning wood, has not put in theburial figures of warriors and horses. After 3 years other pits aredestructed: An item of feather seizes Guanzhong, burns down 始皇 inthe mausoleum field to construct, the burial figures of warriors andhorses pit outdoes 2 meters compared to the ground, also meets with adisaster and. After the burial puppet pit is searched for in a hurryplunders the weapon namely to commit to flames. Hereafter is buried bythe mountain torrent until now.
Enters this 1, 2, 3 pits exhibition halls, we shocked! 2000 agoancient times army front surface came, military discipline orderly,imposing manner majestic, was sharp cannot keep off. In an instant, wefelt the warhorse neighs, the armed force drum shakes the day. Potteryburial figurines facial expression rich, the warhorse plump ismajestic, lifelike. European 美学家 are continuously proud to theancient Greek Rome realism sculpture, ridicules the Chinese fine artshistory simply not to have this kind of art. The burial figures ofwarriors and horses discovery, is dumbfounded Chinese and foreign finearts historian chest cavity item. We had finally found in the Chinesefine arts history flaw Eastern classical realism sculpture art thispage! Excited at the same time, we have also been puzzled: Qin Yongartistic style unexpectedly mystically vanishes in the latergeneration! The historian textually researches, this group of masterswhich portrays Qin Yong, does not have as soon as escapes the destinywhich buries alive. This is inconceivable, is buried alive by Qin twoth not only is the artist, moreover is an art! This forces the HanDynasty sculpture reto start, thus moves towards another directionunder the Buddhism culture influence. The history to the ChinShihhuang merit argument continuous, has lain in - him to createmagnificently, actually personally buried these has been magnificent.
The Qin burial puppet by the reputation is "the world eighth bigmiracle". I thought in the world seven wonders of the world only haspyramid to be able to place on a par with it. Qin Yongli riddle letsthe person not shock already. For example 3 pits are the armyheadquarters, unexpectedly has lacked a most essential character -command! Moreover the Qin weapon deeply buried in 2000 still tomaintain sharply, (after analyzed its surface to have 0.01mm thechromic oxide layer), in was far has not sent plain-text telegram theage unexpectedly to have the galvanization to guard against the rusttechnology!
The copper chariot pit only unearthed two vehicles, the archaeologyguessed altogether has 81. Chin Shihhuang's that, very is possible isthe pure gold! The chariot pit site west the mausoleum, we now couldsee it in the burial figures of warriors and horses exhibition hall.The copper carriages and horses one partly mold according to thenatural size, from the modelling to the colored drawing on pottery,has an imposing appearance, sighs the acme of perfection. Theingenious physical construction is thumps the table and shouts praise.
Last the miracle is: Don't the Guanzhong 72 mausoleums, which nearlyhave to be able to escape are robbed the misfortune, but the beginningimperial tomb actually preserves complete. The historians believedthat, is a historical misunderstanding enables the beginning imperialtomb to protect. After an item of feather enters closes, the flamingraging fire Qin Gongshao the three months, Xianyang has become pieceof ruins. Liu Bang enumerates the item of feather ten big indictments,is 盗掘 the beginning imperial tomb. After Liu Bang becomes theChinese great-great grandfather, "unretractable statement", absolutelyauthoritative, who dares for an item of feather to reverse a verdict?Actually, after hundred years governs Sima Qian which the historyrigorously is famous "Shihchi" when regarding this ingeniouslyprocesses, meaning. "Item of Feather Book Records" digs the mausoleumto an item of feather to keep silent, center has only recorded the LiuBang sequence item of feather indictment in "Great-great grandfatherThis Discipline". I believed that, only depends on Liu Bang's falserumor certainly not to be able to let tomb raider lose heart, SimaQian has not believed Liu Bang's speech. The history carries the ChinShihhuang mausoleum mausoleum chamber "take the mercury as hundredSichuan rivers and streams sea", the archaeology confirmed themausoleum tomb contains the mercury quantity to be unusual, confirmedthe grave end 盗掘 is burnt down. I want certainly to be mercurycommand tomb raider which pours into shrink back at the sight. Thearchaeology discovered the mausoleum chamber distant place has two盗洞, dug did not give up to ten meters, tomb raider very possiblywas the mercury vapor is poisoned. Also can not but acknowledge ChinShihhuang the authority in some kind of degree command tomb raideractually step.
Do not say ancient times tomb raider, was occupies high tech time we,to excavated the work also to be at a loss. Much less we excavate mustconsider the permanent protection the question. This is an universehuge history cultural heritage! Inside has buried the startled worldmiracle, buried super has been anxious... ...
Or lets us imagine... ...
Leaves the Qin burial puppet museum toward to return, way beginningimperial tomb. We looked at in outside, has not gone in. Only sees asmall hill, is a very big grave, like our imagination is by no meansgrand. Mausoleum extends from the bottom to the summit. We see thisshould be together north the main road, let my imagination insert thewing to fly looks to the summit on to the east! What should see?
306 vehicles next station is 华清池. Our memory arrived the TangDynasty from the Qin dynasty.
The Li piedmont hot spring spurts wells up, the scenery beautiful isvaried, swims place of the good fortune for all previous dynastiesking. The Zhou Dynasty beginning has the construction, to Tang, startson a large scale to build the palace pavilion. After Emperor Xuanzongin Tanh dynasty expands names is Chinese 清宫, because thearchitectural complex take the hot spring as a characteristic,therefore calls 华清池, continues to use until now. ? The springcold weather bestows bath 华清池, the hot spring 水滑 washes凝脂? Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's love story occurs in here.
Hot spring now four mouths of a spring, water temperature all yearlong constantly in 43 ℃, its mineral substance beneficial body andmind. We saw the foreigner in cheerfully washes the face, also spend 5jiao money to wash, good burns!
We arrive Tang Yutang the ruins. The soup, is a bathing pool, fullyhas a small swimming pool size. Emperor bathes the place, definitelyhas the surrounding protection the construction, more than 1,000 yearshave passed by, these constructions have no longer existed, but 柱基remain down on the permanent local constable. Now has imitated Tang inthe ruins top head to construct, after goes in may see front ageneration of building 柱基. The archaeologist is acts according tothese 柱基 to confirm Shi Zai the stars soup, the lotus flower soup,the hypericum soup, the crown prince soup buddhist priest eats thesoup ruins.
Behind the ruins has famously constructs five between halls, because"the Xi'an Incident" is well-known. When "Xi'an Incident", ChiangKai-Shek lives in five halls, just awoke heard General Yang Huchengwanted to catch him, after put on the night clothes slipper to turnthe wall to run away the mountain. Turns when the wall not carefullyfalls a slipper! The guards trace to the bedding are also warm, alsosaw to a slipper, after concluded Jiang runs away the mountain.Finally admonishes the pavilion in the present soldier to find Jiang.Looks this rests mountain five to construct, sighed the same year hashad the so soul-stirring story. We saw by far under the mountain thesoldier admonished the pavilion, "Tibet" in green and luxuriant Lihalfway up the mountainside.
有些单词不会,写了汉语,很抱歉!Sorry!