英语翻译Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net posi

英语翻译Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net posi
英语翻译
Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net positive effects.We qualified the relationship between knowledge externalities and agglomeration as a quadratic function.Agglomeration yields positive net knowledge externalities only until a given threshold.Too much agglomeration and too dense knowledge transactions progressively dissipate the advantages in terms of knowledge externalities because of the emerging losses engendered by reduced appropriability.
This article has provided a strong test for the hypotheses that a quadratic relationship existed between technological concentration and total factor productivity growth for a large sample of European regions from 1995 to 2003.The quadratic specification is a powerful result because it enables one to identify the shifting relative advantage of regions in the location of knowledge-intensive activities.The identification of the notion of relative advantage in the location of knowledge-intensive activities enabled us to identify the regions in which it is not appropriate to invest in knowledge generating activities,the regions in which it is “more” convenient to invest in activities,and the regions in which it would be better to reduce the levels of these activities.
The strong econometric results enable one to appreciate the implications of the quadratic specification in terms of output elasticity to additional knowledge-intensive activities.It is clear that,by definition,when the first derivative in a quadratic function is stronger,the smaller the level of concentration.Hence,our findings confirm the hypothesis that the output elasticity of additional knowledge-intensive activities is higher in peripheral than in core regions.

英语翻译Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net posi
建立在对知识的观念和PKE市场,有别于从技术外部性,我们已经指定了一种和解的二次关系创新活动的浓度在地方一级,其净积极的影响.我们合格的关系作为一种知识外部性和集聚二次函数.集聚积极的网络知识外部性收益只有直到某个给定的阈值.太多的集聚与知识交易太密集的优势逐步消散在知识方面则因为新兴的外部性产生appropriability损失减少.
本文提供了一个强大的测试假说之间存在着二次关系技术浓度和全要素生产率增长的欧洲地区的大样本从1995年到2003年.二次规范是一个强大的结果,因为它可以让一个确定的区域比较优势变化的位置上的知识密集型活动.识别的概念相对优势的位置上的知识密集型活动使我们能够确定地区它并不合适投资知识生成活动,地区是“更多”方便的投资活动,地区最好的水平,减少这些活动.

建筑的概念知识和市场的时候，从不同的技术上，我们已经指定了二次之间的关系浓度的创新活动，在区域一级的积极影响。我们之间的关系，知识外部性与集聚为二次函数。集聚产生积极的网络知识外部性只有在一个给定的阈值。太多的集聚和过于密集的知识交易逐渐消散，优势方面的知识外部性由于新兴的损失所产生的减少可适用性。本文提供了一个强大的测试的假设二次关系之间存在的技术含量和全要素生产率增长的一个大样本的欧洲地区从1...

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建筑的概念知识和市场的时候，从不同的技术上，我们已经指定了二次之间的关系浓度的创新活动，在区域一级的积极影响。我们之间的关系，知识外部性与集聚为二次函数。集聚产生积极的网络知识外部性只有在一个给定的阈值。太多的集聚和过于密集的知识交易逐渐消散，优势方面的知识外部性由于新兴的损失所产生的减少可适用性。本文提供了一个强大的测试的假设二次关系之间存在的技术含量和全要素生产率增长的一个大样本的欧洲地区从1995到2003。二次规范是一个功能强大的结果，因为它使一个确定的相对优势的地区转移位置的知识密集型活动。确定的概念相对优势的位置，知识密集的活动，使我们能够确定的地区，这是不恰当的投资知识的活动，在该地区是“更“方便投资活动，并在该地区会更好，减少各级这些活动。强大的计量结果使一个赞赏影响二次规范方面的产出弹性的额外知识密集型活动。很明显，按照定义，当第一衍生物在二次功能较强，较小的浓度水平。因此，我们的研究结果证实的假设产出弹性的额外的知识密集型活动是高比在核心区周边。

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