英语翻译Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.Figure

英语翻译Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.Figure
英语翻译
Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.Figure 2.1(f) shows a single electron emitting and reabsorbing a virtual photon or a virtual electron-positron pair.The electron line itself in a Feynman diagram represents a “bare” electron ,whereas the real observable particles are the “bare” particles “dressed ” by these virtual processes,the so-called”self-energy” terms which contribute to the mass and charge of the electron that the experimentalist measures.There is no restriction on the momentum k of particles in such virtual states,and such terms are of the form and thus logarithmically divergent.
Divergent terms of this type are present in all QED calculations,e.g.in all the other processes shown in Figure 2.1.Fortunately,it is found possible to redefine the mass or charge as follows.The “bare”mass or charge or (the purely fictitious and unmeasurable value that would obtain in the absence of self-interaction terms )is always found to be multiplied by a dimensionless term containing the divergent integral;since this combination occurs in all calculations,it is therefore replaced by the physical values e,m as determined from experiment.This process is called renormalisation.The procedure is highly technical and beyond the scope of this text.We simply remark that it results in predictions that are,as we have seen ,in incredibly good agreement with experiment.
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英语翻译Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.Figure
Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.
量子电动力学(QED) 是规范的量子场理论,我们在上面已经讨论了这种理论框架中的一些过程.
It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.
QED具有两点重要的性质：可被重新归一化（正规化,正则化） 以及 标准空间的不变性.就这两点特性,我们在此文中简要提及.
Figure 2.1(f) shows a single electron emitting and reabsorbing a virtual photon or a virtual electron-positron pair.
图2.1(f) 显示一个单电子,这个电子正在发射和吸收 虚光子或虚正负电子对.
The electron line itself in a Feynman diagram represents a “bare” electron ,whereas the real observable particles are the “bare” particles “dressed ” by these virtual processes,the so-called”self-energy” terms which contribute to the mass and charge of the electron that the experimentalist measures.
费曼图中的表征电子的线条本身代表一个“裸”电子,而实际的可观测粒子则是由这些虚过程“装扮”起来的“裸”粒子.所谓虚过程就是指“自-能量”项,它形成了实验家们所测量到的电子的质量和电荷.
There is no restriction on the momentum k of particles in such virtual states,and such terms are of the form and thus logarithmically divergent.
在这些虚状态中,粒子的（角）动量没有限制.而这些项都是形式化的并因此是对数发散的.
Divergent terms of this type are present in all QED calculations,e.g.in all the other processes shown in Figure 2.1.
这种类型的发散项存在于QED的所有计算中,例如存在于图2.1所示的所有其它过程中.
Fortunately,it is found possible to redefine the mass or charge as follows.
幸运的是,我们发现,按照以下方式重新定义质量和电荷 是可能的.
The “bare”mass or charge or (the purely fictitious and unmeasurable value that would obtain in the absence of self-interaction terms )is always found to be multiplied by a dimension less term containing the divergent integral;
可以发现,“裸”质量或电荷（在没有自-相互作用项的条件下,得到的纯虚设和不可测量值）总是一个包含着发散积分的无维数项的倍数.
since this combination occurs in all calculations,it is therefore replaced by the physical values e,m as determined from experiment.
因为这种情况在所有的计算中都出现,因此 用实验测定的e 和m的物理结果来代替 （费曼图中的理论上的、纯虚设的“裸” e 和m 值）
This process is called renormalisation.
把上面描述的这个过程 称作 正则化.
The procedure is highly technical and beyond the scope of this text.
其具体过程的技术复杂程度很高,不在本文的讨论范围之内.
We simply remark that it results in predictions that are,as we have seen ,in incredibly good agreement with experiment.
我们仅仅指出,正如我们所看到的,该过程(及QED理论)给出了与实验惊人一致的预言.