英语翻译到20世纪初,全世界已基本消灭了奴隶制.奴隶制作为人类曾经使用过的一种制度,它的存在有合理性的一面吗?奴隶制是制度经济学家们研究制度的起源、发展及灭亡的一个好样本.奴隶

英语翻译到20世纪初,全世界已基本消灭了奴隶制.奴隶制作为人类曾经使用过的一种制度,它的存在有合理性的一面吗?奴隶制是制度经济学家们研究制度的起源、发展及灭亡的一个好样本.奴隶
英语翻译
到20世纪初,全世界已基本消灭了奴隶制.奴隶制作为人类曾经使用过的一种制度,它的存在有合理性的一面吗?奴隶制是制度经济学家们研究制度的起源、发展及灭亡的一个好样本.
奴隶制为什么最终被废除?这与因为随着经济的发展和社会的变化,保护奴隶制的成本越来越高,也就是其制度成本越来越高.如在美国南方,长期以来奴隶就是黑人的代名词.而大部分自由人即白人则不必担心会成为奴隶,因为肤色不同,奴隶都是黑人；即使奴隶逃亡,也很容易辩别、捕获.然而,随着自由黑人越来越多,就很难再按肤色区分自由人和奴隶了.结果使保护奴隶制所费的成本增长,净收益相应下降.从奴隶制的兴衰可以看出,任何制度,如果其运行的成本太高,终究是不能长期存在下去的.如巴泽尔所说,如果私人要求国家保护自己的某种行为,而保护成本却超过了私人由此而得到的价值,则国家将禁止这种行为.
奴隶制可能不是一种好制度,但曾经是一种有效率的制度.福格尔在其《艰难岁月：美国黑奴经济学》一书中提出,撇开农奴制的不道德因素,仅从经济的角度来上看,农奴制对于发展战前南方经济是一种非常有效的制度因素.因为计量结果表明：1、仅就南方而言,购买农奴的投资所带来的收益大大高于投资于制造业的收益率；2、南方种植园的规模经济、有效的管理以及劳动力和资本的大量投入,使得南方种植业生产效益高于北方35%；3、与从事种植业的白人相比,黑奴更为勤奋,生产效率更高；4、南方城市中从事工业劳动的黑奴的勤奋和生产效率,绝不逊色于那些自由民.城市地区对黑奴需求增长超过农村的事实表明,农奴制与工业化可以和谐并存的.5、黑奴的物质生活条件和待遇并不像人们想象的那样坏,黑奴一生所生产的90%是归自己所有的.6、战前南方经济并未衰退,而是增长迅速,南方的人均收入增速远远高于北方.马克.布劳格认为这“可能是美国历史上有史以来最有争议的书”.
因此,无论我们今天怎样评价奴隶制,但是用理性的眼光去分析奴隶制的产生、发展及灭亡的过程和根源对于人类寻找一种好制度是很有意义的.

英语翻译到20世纪初,全世界已基本消灭了奴隶制.奴隶制作为人类曾经使用过的一种制度,它的存在有合理性的一面吗?奴隶制是制度经济学家们研究制度的起源、发展及灭亡的一个好样本.奴隶
你好,请你放心,我在大学里学的就是英语专业,你的问题就交给我吧
译文如下：
To the early 20th century, the world has been basically eliminated slavery. Slavery was used as a human system, which exists at a reasonable side of it? Economists have studied the system of slavery is the origin of the system, development and demise of a good sample.
Why slavery was finally abolished? This is because as the economic development and social changes, increasing the cost of protection of slavery, that is, increasing the cost of the system. As in the American South, has long been a synonym for slave is black. Most free people do not have to worry that whites will become a slave, because the different color, slaves are black;Even if the slaves escape, and very easy figuring, capture. However, as free blacks, more and more difficult to distinguish between press freedom and the slaves skin color. The result that the cost of protecting slavery charges increase, net income decreased correspondingly. It can be seen from the rise and fall of slavery, any system, if its running costs are too high, after all, is not long exist. If Barzel said, if a private requires the State to protect their particular behavior, the cost of protection is more than the value of private thus be, then the state will prohibit such behavior.
Slavery may not be a good system, but once an efficient system. Fogel in his "hard times: American slaves Economics," a book made, setting aside the immorality of serfdom factors, only from an economic perspective point of view, serfdom for the development of the antebellum South, the economy is a very effective institutional factors.Because the measurement results showed that:
1, far south, the purchase of serfs the benefits of investment much higher than the rate of return to invest in the manufacturing sector;
2, Southern plantation economies of scale, effective management and labor and capital large number of inputs, making the south than the north crop production efficiency of 35%;
3, and engaged in farming compared with whites, black slaves are more diligent, more productive;
4, the southern city of slave labor in the industrial production of hard work and efficiency, not inferior to those freedmen. Growth in demand for slaves in urban areas than in rural areas the fact that serfdom and industrialization can co-exist in harmony.
5, the slaves of the material living conditions and treatment is not as bad as people think, slave life, 90% of the production of all to himself.
6, the antebellum South, the economy did not decline, but the rapid growth of per capita income growth rate of the South is much higher than the north. Mark. Borlaug that this "may be the most controversial ever in American history books."
Therefore, no matter how the evaluation of slavery today, but with a rational perspective to analyze the emergence of slavery, development and demise of the process and find a good source for the human system is of great significance.