关于apartheid的作文关于apartheid的英文作文,要求200字左右,

关于apartheid的作文关于apartheid的英文作文,要求200字左右,
关于apartheid的作文
关于apartheid的英文作文,要求200字左右,

关于apartheid的作文关于apartheid的英文作文,要求200字左右,
For many years,the white leaders of South Africa used laws to keep the different races in the country separate from each other.They called this policy apartheid.The term means “separateness,” or “apartness” in Afrikaans,a language spoken in South Africa.The policy was in place from 1950 to the early 1990s.It led to political and economic discrimination against the country's nonwhite majority.
Racial segregation,or separation,was allowed by law and practiced in South Africa before 1948.In that year,however,the National Party came to power and passed laws to extend the policy.It was this government that gave the policy the name apartheid.
The Group Areas Act of 1950 divided South Africans into three major groups:white,black (Bantu,or African),and Colored (those of mixed descent).People of Asian descent were later designated as a fourth group.The act set aside separate areas in cities for each group.Members of each group were not allowed to live,operate businesses,or own land in areas other than those assigned to them.
To restrict the presence of blacks in white areas,the government strengthened what were known as “pass” laws.These laws required nonwhites to carry documents giving them permission to be in restricted areas.Other laws forbade social contacts between the races,authorized separate public facilities,established separate educational standards,restricted each group to certain types of jobs,and denied nonwhite participation in the national government.The government also created ten African homelands.In 1970 every black African was made a citizen of one of the homelands.
Opposition to apartheid developed both within South Africa and outside it.With the support of some whites,black African groups in South Africa held demonstrations and strikes against apartheid.The African National Congress (ANC),led by Nelson Mandela,was one such opposition group.Mandela was jailed in 1964 for his activities.There were many instances of violent protests.The best known were the riots that took place in a neighborhood known as Soweto in 1976.
Other countries criticized South Africa for the policy of apartheid and forced the country to withdraw from international organizations.In 1985 the United Kingdom and the United States restricted trade with South Africa.This action resulted in minor reforms,including the end of pass laws.
In 1989 a new government led by President F.W.de Klerk ended the segregation of certain public facilities.The following year the government legalized the ANC and released Mandela from prison.The government then changed many of the apartheid laws.In 1993 a new constitution gave blacks and other racial groups the right to vote.The following year all races were allowed to vote in a national election.Mandela was elected president.These developments marked the end of apartheid.