姮娥奔月的解释

姮娥奔月的解释
姮娥奔月的解释

姮娥奔月的解释
嫦娥奔月
嫦娥
嫦娥是帝喾的女儿,也称姮娥.美貌非凡.后羿的妻子,相传后羿是尧帝手下的神射手.《淮南子．览冥训》中说,后羿从西王母处请来不死之药,嫦娥偷吃了这颗灵药,成仙了,身不由主飘飘然地飞往月宫之中,在那荒芜的月宫之中度著无边的寂寞岁月.
嫦娥飞升月宫后,住在凄清冷漠的广寒宫内,思念著后羿,她的心境和生活令不少文人骚客感慨,遐想.其中唐代诗人李商隐的《嫦娥》诗深刻表现了她的寂寞和悔恨：
云母屏风烛影深,
长河渐落晓星沉.
嫦娥应悔偷灵药,
碧海青天夜夜心.
大意是：『云母制成的屏风染上一层幽深黯淡的烛影,银河逐渐低斜下落启明星也已下沉. 广寒宫的嫦娥想必悔恨当初偷吃不死药,如今落得独处於碧海青天而夜夜寒心.』
嫦娥原来是一个美丽善良的村姑,她勤劳朴实活泼可爱,尤其有着一颗金子般闪亮的心,她总是千方百计地为百姓做好事.嫦娥有个恋人叫后羿,是个神箭手,也是个好后生.
有一天,嫦娥与几个要好的女伴在村边小河旁洗衣.不料,无所事事、心术不正的河神河伯正闲逛到此.他见到嫦娥的沉鱼落雁之容,顿时惊为天人,便一抹脸变成一个英俊的小伙子,觍着脸走过去跟嫦娥搭话.嫦娥见他不怀好意便急忙躲开,可是河伯露出了狰狞的真面目,要强抢嫦娥入水.正在这危急关头,后羿来到了,他一看,顿时气得剑眉倒竖,怒发冲冠.他拈弓搭箭,“嗖”地一声,射瞎了河伯的一只眼睛.河伯疼痛难忍,大叫一声,便跳下河去.
经过这件事,嫦娥和后羿恐怕夜长梦多,便提早成婚.婚后,二人过得非常幸福.当然,他们并没完全沉浸在小家庭的美满快乐之中,两颗善良的心总想为乡亲们我做些好事.
有一年,天空出现了十个太阳,大地都快要着火了.人们无法耕种,无法生活,处于被灭绝的灾难之中.后羿便决心要射掉那多余的九个太阳,拯救百姓于火海之中.他天天挥汗如雨,苦苦练习射术.可是,河伯对他恨之入骨,不断地前来骚扰,他发誓要报一箭之仇,更要抢到他一直贪恋着的美女嫦娥.为此,后羿十分烦躁分心.
有一天,一位大仙给了后羿一丸仙药,好心告诉他,河伯报仇心切,他将要面临一场大祸,如若吃了这丸药,便可摆脱人间的一切磨难和烦恼,升入月宫中；可是,首先得能耐住孤独寂寞的煎熬.后羿听后,心绪不宁地回到家中,将仙的话如实地告知了嫦娥,便疲倦地睡着了.
说者无心,听者有意.嫦娥坐立不安了,她在房中走来走去,看着一天比一天消瘦的丈夫,她心里非常痛苦.她深爱着后羿,绝不愿他遭受任何磨难的折磨,可是,她又想到丈夫身上还肩负着射掉九个太阳的重任,正受着烧烤之灾的乡亲们需要他去拯救.嫦娥心中十分明白,河伯对于丈夫的威胁,都源于自己.河伯对她仍没有死心,为了得到她,什么坏事都做得出来,怎么办呢?嫦娥想着,想着,突然,她心中闪过一个念头：为了让河伯对她死了心,为了让丈夫排除一切杂念和干扰,全心全意地去射掉九个太阳为民服务,她决心牺牲自己.主意打定,她就急忙找出仙药,吞了下去.
过了一会儿,后羿醒了,他发现嫦娥心神不定,脸上泛着神奇的红光,很是诧异,又觉不祥.嫦娥深情地望着丈夫,她知道与丈夫在一起的时间不多了,便眼含泪水嘱咐丈夫要好好珍重自己,请求丈夫原谅她不能再尽到做妻子的义务了.话犹未尽,嫦娥只觉得心中恍惚,身子突然变轻了,接着,双脚离地竟飞了起来,她边往天上飞边回头高声叫着：“后羿,我的好夫君,永别了!要珍重!”
嫦娥冉冉上升,飞进了月亮中那寂寞、冷清的广寒宫,做了月中仙女.然而,这里没有亲人,没有欢笑,只有一只惹人怜爱的玉兔相偎依,只有那总在砍着桂树却总也砍不倒的吴刚相陪伴.
自从嫦娥牺牲自己,飞上月宫后,后羿把痛苦、惆怅化作了力量.后羿明白妻子的作为是替自己和百姓着想的缘故,他深深地被感动和激励着,日夜苦练着射箭的本领,终于战胜了河伯的挑战,射掉了九个危害生灵的太阳,拯救了人类.人间有了欢乐,乡亲们过上安宁祥和的日子.
天帝也被嫦娥和后羿这种为了乡亲们的幸福而牺牲自己的精神感动了,后来,便封后羿为天将,于中秋佳节日使二人重逢团圆.从此,嫦娥和后羿在天上过上了幸福美满的生活.同时,天帝还规定月亮每月十五一圆,以祝愿花好月圆夜,天下有情人成眷属.
传说中后羿和嫦娥都是尧时候的人,神话说,尧的时候,天上有十个太阳同时出现在天空,把土地烤焦了,庄稼都枯干了,人们热得喘不过气来,倒在地上昏迷不醒.因为天气酷热的缘故,一些怪禽猛兽,也都从干涸的江湖和火焰似的森林里跑出来,在各地残害人民.
人间的灾难惊动了天上的神,天帝常俊命令善于封射箭的后羿下到人间,协助尧除人民的苦难.后羿带着天帝赐给他的一张红色的弓,一口袋白色的箭,还带着他的美丽的妻子嫦娥一起来到人间.
后羿立即开始了射日的战斗.他从肩上除下那红色的弓,取出白色的箭,一支一支地向骄横的太阳射去,顷刻间十个太阳被射去了九个,只因为尧认为留下一个太阳对人民有用处,才拦阻了后羿的继续射击.这就是有名的后羿射日的故事.
但是后羿的丰功伟绩,却受到了其他天神的妒忌,他们到天帝那里去进谗言,使天帝终于疏远了后羿,最后把他永远贬斥到人间.受了委曲的后羿和妻子嫦娥只好隐居在人间,靠后羿打猎为生.
嫦娥又是怎样奔月的呢?在古书上有种种不同的说法.根据《淮南子》的记载是,后羿觉得对不起受他连累而谪居下凡的妻子,便到西王母那里去求来了长生不死之药,好让他们夫妻二人在世间永远和谐地生活下去.嫦娥却过不惯清苦的生活,乘后羿不在家的时候,偷吃了全部的长生不死药,奔逃到月亮里去了.另一种说法是屈原(约前340年)《天问》的记载,说后羿后来对嫦娥有不忠行为,和河伯的妻子发生暖昧关系,因而引起嫦娥极大的不满,便离开后羿跑到天上去了.嫦娥奔月以后,很快就后悔了,她想起了丈夫平日对她的好处和人世间的温情,对比月亮里的孤独,倍觉凄凉.
第2种解释
嫦娥是帝喾的女儿,后羿的妻子,也称姮娥.美貌非凡.
相传,远古时候有一年,天上出现了十个太阳,直烤得大地冒烟,海水枯干,老百姓眼看无法再生活去.
这件事惊动了一个名叫后羿的英雄,他登上昆仑山顶,运足神力,拉开神弓,一气射下九个多余的太阳.
后羿立下盖世神功,受到百姓 的尊敬和爱戴,不少志士慕名前来投师学艺.奸诈刁钻、心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来.
不久,后羿娶了个美丽善良的 妻子,名叫嫦娥.后羿除传艺狩猎外,终日和妻子在一起,人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻.
一天,后羿到昆仑山访友求道,巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘,便向王母求得一包不死药.据说,服下此药,能即刻升天成仙.
然而,后羿舍不得撇下妻子,只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏.嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里,不料被蓬蒙看到了.
三天后,后羿率众徒外出狩猎,心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病,留了下来.
待后羿率众人走后不久,蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院,威逼嫦娥交出不死药.
嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手,危急之时她当机立断,转身打开百宝匣,拿出不死药一口吞了下去.
嫦娥吞下药,身子立时飘离地面、冲出窗口,向天上飞去.由于嫦娥牵挂着丈夫,便飞落到离人间最近的月亮上成了仙.
傍晚,后羿回到家,侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事.后羿既惊又怒,抽剑去杀恶徒,蓬蒙早逃走了.气得后羿捶胸顿足哇哇大叫.悲痛欲绝的后羿,仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字.这时他惊奇地发现,今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮,而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥.
后羿急忙派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里,摆上香案,放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果,遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥.
百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后,纷纷在月下摆设香案,向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安.从此,中秋节拜月的风俗在民间传开了.
奔月的故事以鲜明的态度和绚丽的色彩歌颂、赞美了嫦娥,与古文献有关嫦娥的记载相比较,可见人们对嫦娥奔月的故事做了很多加工,修饰,使娥娥的形象与月同美,使之符合人们对美的追求. 与现代流传甚广的“嫦娥奔月”相左,《全上古文》辑《灵宪》则记载了“嫦娥化蟾”的故事：“嫦娥,羿妻也,窃王母不死药服之,奔月.将往,枚占于有黄.有黄占之：曰：‘吉,翩翩归妹,独将西行,逢天晦芒,毋惊毋恐,后且大昌.’嫦娥遂托身于月,是为蟾蜍.”嫦娥变成癞蛤蟆后,在月宫中终日被罚捣不死药,过着寂寞清苦的生活,李商隐曾有诗感叹嫦娥：“嫦娥应悔偷灵药,碧海青天夜夜心.”
吴刚折桂
相传月亮上的广寒宫前的桂树生长繁茂,有五百多丈高,下边有一个人常在砍伐它,但是每次砍下去之后,被砍的地方又立即合拢了.几千年来,就这样随砍随合,这棵桂树永远也不能被砍光.据说这个砍树的人名叫吴刚,是汉朝西河人,曾跟随仙人修道,到了天界,但是他犯了错误,仙人就把他贬谪到月宫,日日做这种徒劳无功的苦差使,以示惩处.李白诗中有“欲斫月中桂,持为寒者薪”的记载.
古诗
嫦娥
作者：李商隐
云母屏风烛影深2,长河渐落晓星沉3.
嫦娥应悔偷灵药,碧海青天夜夜心4.
全部注释
1.嫦娥：古代神话中的月中仙女.《淮南子·览冥训》："羿请不死之药于西王母,恒娥窃以奔月."恒又作姮.
2.云母屏风：嵌着云母石的屏风.此言嫦娥在月宫居室中独处,夜晚,唯烛影和屏风相伴.
3.长河句：银河逐渐向西倾斜,晓星也将隐没,又一个孤独的夜过去了.
4.碧海：《十洲记》："扶桑在东海之东岸,岸直,陆行登岸一万里,东复有碧海,海阔狭浩汗,与东海等,水既不咸苦,正作碧色."
赏析
此篇讽刺信神仙而求长生者.以嫦娥为例,说她偷吃不死之药成仙以后,在月宫里永远品味着孤独寂寞的滋味.诗人在讽刺虚妄的同时,提出了一个重要的生命哲学问题：生命的意义到底是什么?由这一问题牵连而出的问题是：人应该怎样生活?长寿甚至长生的目的是什么?在爱和长生不老之间,现实的人应该选择什么?作者显然并不赞成嫦娥那样牺牲现世的生活而换取长生不老.他认为那样孤独寂寞的长生,实际上正是对生命的折磨和摧残.与其如此,还不如人间儿女们那样有悲欢地热爱、有聚散地执着更有意义.
这首诗的艺术技巧也很成熟.全诗旨在揭示人生哲理,但完全不用概念化的语言,而是讲述一个动人的故事,启发人们去思考.
前人于此诗有自伤不遇、怀人、悼亡、讽女冠等诸说.刘、余《集解》云："悼亡说最不可通.……而自伤、怀人与女冠三说,虽似不相涉,实可相通.……推想嫦娥心理,实已暗透作者自身处境与心境.嫦娥窃药奔月,远离尘嚣,高居琼楼玉宇,虽极高洁清静,然夜夜碧海青天,清冷寂寥之情固难排遣；此与女冠之学道慕仙,追求清真而又不耐孤孑,与诗人之蔑弃庸俗,向往高洁而陷于身心孤寂之境均极相似,连类而及,原颇自然.故嫦娥、女冠、诗人,实三位而一体,境类而心通."
英文版
Legend of Chang-Er, the Moon Goddess
The story begins around 2170 B.C. after the great flood in the Hsia dynasty. Yu, king of many kingdoms, was credited with stopping the flood, and with teaching farmers how to cultivate their fields, thus commencing a prosperous epoch.
At the same time in Heaven the Jade Emperor wished to help the farmers raise animals and cultivate their fields. He gave orders to his ten sons to become ten suns and travel across the sky one at a time, each taking one day. The ten young men disobeyed; all ten of them came out every day, and the heat from ten suns shining all at once made the earth intolerably hot. People and animals died of heat, rivers dried up, land became barren and forests scorched and burned.
The farmers prayed, giving sacrifices and burning incense to Heaven for deliverance. The Jade Emperor heard their prayers and saw the destruction caused by his sons. He sent Hou Yi, his bravest god, down to earth to solve the problem of the ten suns and end the catastrophe. Hou Yi was a good, courageous god with a beautiful wife, Chang Er. Deeply in love with each other, they were known as the Divine Couple. Chang Er didn't like the thought of going down to earth, but she was unwilling to be separated from her husband, so together they descended to earth and became mortals among the Eastern clans.
Hou Yi was a great archer and brought his magic bow from heaven with him. Knowing that Hou Yi came from heaven, the people of the clans proclaimed him to be their leader.
Seeing how much suffering and destruction were caused by the heat of the ten suns, Hou Yi climbed to the top of Tienshan mountain and began negotiating with the suns to have pity on the unfortunate people. He pleaded to the suns to take turns and make their journeys across the sky singly, one for each day, and explained the white blaze of ten suns is much too much for the land to bear. He also told them how much Heaven loves all living things.
But the ten audacious suns considered it dull and boring to go across the sky one at a time and that much more fun was to be had by coming out together, so they refused to listen. They increased their heat and caused even more suffering. This angered Hou Yi. He took out his magic bow and arrows and shot down nine of the suns; the last sun begged for his life and promised obedience at performing his task of separating night from day.
Finally the earth was at peace and people enjoyed their work and lives. However, when Hou Yi made his report to the Jade Emperor, he was furious at Hou Yi for killing his nine sons, and refused to let the Divine Couple return to Heaven.
As leader of the clans, there was much for Hou Yi to do on earth. He taught the people many ways to defend their land and themselves. He was so busy with his duties he became neglectful of his lovely and lonely wife. Chang Er was especially unhappy to be an earthly mortal with all of mortality's suffering, aging and death in particular. Also, she was angry at Hou Yi for shooting down the Jade Emperor's nine sons, and the couple became unhappy and estranged.
To avoid arguing with his wife, Hou Yi spent his time travelling about the land alone. He became familiar to its people, performing many good deeds wherever he travelled. He also killed a gigantic, 100,000-foot snake and a nine-headed monster that had caused much distress and thousands of lives. Many times he prayed to the Jade Emperor to let himself and his wife return to Heaven, but the Emperor refused his plead and so Hou Yi and Chang Er remained as mortals, suffering as ordinary human beings do.
In his travel he chanced to meet a beautiful mortal woman, Mi Fei. She was the wife of Feng Yee, the God of Water, who had a reputation as a womanizer and for ignoring his wife. Both lonelyd, Mi Fei and Hou Yi became friends and later lovers. In legend, such things never remain unpunished. When Feng Yee returned and discovered his wife's infidelity, he was furious and transformed himself into a white dragon, roaring and plunging in the water, destroying fields and killing many people. Hou Yi thought the dragon was an evil sea monster. He took up his bow and shot, blinding Feng Yee in one eye. Thereupon, the god of waters registered a complaint with the Jade Emperor. The Emperor considered all the good deeds that Hou Yi had done for the mortals, and since he was already under punishment, the Emperor merely ordered Hou Yi to go home to Chang Er and never see Mi Fei again.
Hou Yi had no choice but to return home. Chang Er was angry with him for his unfaithfulness and unhappiness came between the once "divine" couple. Hou Yi knew that he had wronged his wife and tried to soothe her, telling her that tears would make her age faster, as they were now mortals. Chang Er looked at her reflection in the water, for in those days there were no mirrors. She was terrified to see wrinkles appearing around her eyes, and demanded that Hou Yi find some way to restore her immortality.
Hou Yi was desolate and dared not stay at home, but he couldn't violate the Jade Emperorís order by going to Mi Fei. He became violent and drunk. In his drunkenness he treated the people cruelly. There were two men among the people who began to plot against him, Feng Meng and Han Cho. Both were opportunists. Han Cho told Hou Yi that the Royal Goddess resided on top of Kunlun Mountain and had a pill of immortality.
Hou Yi decided that for the saje of peace at home he would climb Kunlun Mountain and begg the Royal Goddess for the pill of immortality. The Goddess, taking pity on him, gave him her one remaining pill. She instructed Hou Yi that if one person took the pill he would ascend to Heaven, but ihe cut the pill into two halves and shared it with another, they could live forever. The pill had to be taken on the 15th night of the eighth month when the moon was fullest. Hou Yi was very happy and thanked the Royal Goddess exuberantly and went home to Chang Er. They decided to divide the pill and take it at the proper time so that they could both attain immortality.
Three days before the 15th day of the eighth month, Hou Yi heard of a medicinal solution called "jade elixir" that could be found on Tienshan mountain, an elixir that could could prevent women from aging and allow them to stay eternally beautiful. Hou Yi wished to please Chang Er and resume a happy life at home, so he decided that he could make the trip in three days to obtain this wonderful medicine and to surprise his wife. He left for Tienshan immediately.
On the 15th of the eighth month, Chang Er saw no sign of Hou Yi. She waited and later grew impatient, and sought out Feng Meng the schemer and asked where her husband was. Feng Meng lied and told Chang Er that Hou Yi had gone to see Mi Fei. Chang Er believed him and became furious at her unfaithful husband. As the moon rose Chang Er went into the garden, looking up to heaven and remembering the contentment in the life of immortality and the happiness of heaven, and then she thought of the sorrows of the earth. She was confused and filled with emotion. Thinking that Hou Yi had abandoned her, she swallowed the whole pill and at once she felt her body becoming lighter, rising upwards towards the sky. At this moment Hou Yi arrived back with the jade elixir and saw Chang Er ascending faster and faster.
The gods and goddesses in heaven despised Chang Er because she had abandoned her husband. Chang Er had to change her direction and head toward the cold palace in the moon. Hou Yi watched from the earth and took out his magic bow to shoot down the moon. He aimed but he could not bear to kill his wife. Frustrated and saddened, he destroyed his magical weapons and took to drink.
Hou Yi's enemy Feng Meng watch and waited until Hou Yi was senselessly drunk, then he attacked Hou Yi then and killed him. When Chang Er arrived at the cold palace in the moon and saw how her husband had been cruelly murdered she deeply mourned what she had done. She was cut off from the happy life in heaven and committed to eternity alone in the moon, becaming the moon goddess.
Each year on the 15th day of the eighth month, when the moon is at its fullest and brightest, people look at the moon and try to see in it the image of a beautiful maiden.
古文
嫦娥,羿妻也,窃王母不死药服之,奔月.将往,枚占于有黄.有黄占之：曰：‘吉,翩翩归妹,独将西行,逢天晦芒,毋惊毋恐,后且大昌.’嫦娥遂托身于月,是为蟾蜍.
不好意思,就这些了.

姮娥奔月？？？？？