过去完成时讲解通俗的讲一下现在完成时,最好有句型和例子.额 打错了 是(过去完成时)啊
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过去完成时讲解通俗的讲一下现在完成时,最好有句型和例子.额 打错了 是(过去完成时)啊
过去完成时讲解
通俗的讲一下现在完成时,最好有句型和例子.
额 打错了 是(过去完成时)啊
过去完成时讲解通俗的讲一下现在完成时,最好有句型和例子.额 打错了 是(过去完成时)啊
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个,它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”.
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词
基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作.即“过去的过去”.可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示.例如:By nine o’clock last night,we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片.(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用.例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟.He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作.(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.例如:Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友.I didn’t know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课.(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时.例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书.She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了.(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.例如:He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她.I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.(6) 状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时.如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了.She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.例如:After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平.(7)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等.例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里.We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你.(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first (second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中.例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他.No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了.时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until,once,had no sooner……than,yet,already等.
一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。
例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不来。)
例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)
解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于...
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一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。
例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不来。)
例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)
解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”。关于“shall/will”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中规中矩了。
①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。
②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)
例A:I won't see him again.
(我不愿意再和他见面。)
例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?
(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)
Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)
③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”。
例A:You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那样的事。)
例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必须把那本书归还。)
④第一人称问句使用“shall”。
例A:Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
例B:Shall we tell her the truth ?
(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
(你明天须要上学去吗?)
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)
例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)
注:Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
(我们休息一下,怎样?)
一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。
1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)
例A:It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)
例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)
2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作。)
例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
(我们等一下。他即将会到达。)
3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作。)
例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作。)
例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)
5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观。)
例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)
常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.
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过去完成时是指在过去的某个时点之前完成的动作。比如说在昨天晚饭前我看了一部电影,就可以说,I had watched a movie before the supper yesterday.
有两种情况,发生在过去时之前的就是过去完成时;另外过去完成时还表示一种状态,我建议你不要纠结于这两个时态,出现了过去时再考虑过去完成时,还有要考虑句子本身的意思,比如我吃饭了和我吃过饭了,你应该知道他们用什么时态了吧,好好理解吧...
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有两种情况,发生在过去时之前的就是过去完成时;另外过去完成时还表示一种状态,我建议你不要纠结于这两个时态,出现了过去时再考虑过去完成时,还有要考虑句子本身的意思,比如我吃饭了和我吃过饭了,你应该知道他们用什么时态了吧,好好理解吧
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