威尼斯地理位置,麻烦用英文介绍它的地理位置,

威尼斯地理位置,麻烦用英文介绍它的地理位置,
威尼斯地理位置,麻烦用英文介绍它的地理位置,

威尼斯地理位置,麻烦用英文介绍它的地理位置,
Venice
The capital of Veneto region,northern Italy.
Built on the lagoon of Venice,it encompasses some 118 islands,the whole 90-mi (145-km) perimeter of the lagoon,and two industrial mainland boroughs.Refugees from northern invasions of the mainland founded settlements in the 5th century AD that were built uniquely on islands as protection against raids.Venice was a vassal of the Byzantine Empire until the 10th century.Beginning with control of a trading route to the Levant,it emerged from the Fourth Crusade (1202–04) as ruler of a colonial empire which included Crete,Euboea,Cyclades,the Ionian Islands,and footholds in Morea and Epirus.In 1381 it defeated Genoa after a century-long struggle for commercial supremacy in the Levant and eastern Mediterranean.In the 15th century,with the acquisition of neighbouring regions,the Venetian Republic became an extensive Italian state.It gradually lost its eastern possessions to Ottoman Turks,with whom Venice fought intermittently from the 15th to the 18th century; it gave up its last hold in the Aegean in 1715.The republic dissolved and the territory was ceded to Austria in 1797.Incorporated into Napoleon's kingdom of Italy in 1805,it was restored to Austria in 1815.A revolt against Austria (1848–49) eventually resulted in Venice being ceded to Italy in 1866.It suffered little damage during World War II,but flooding along its many miles of canals caused severe damage in 1966.The waters of the lagoon rise and flood the city on a regular basis,complicating efforts to preserve its architecture,which includes representations of Italian,Arabic,Byzantine,and Renaissance styles.There are some 450 palaces and homes of major historic importance in Venice.Notable among its 400 bridges is the Bridge of Sighs (built с 800) and among its churches is St.Mark's Basilica.Most of the city's workers find employment in tourism and related industries,though the city also plays a key market role within the vibrant economic system of the Veneto region.
威尼斯
意大利北部主要港口,威尼托区的首府.建于威尼斯潟湖上,周围长145千米,包含118个岛屿和2个工业城镇.公元5世纪,许多大陆居民为躲避北部入侵者在潟湖诸岛定居.10世纪时是拜占廷帝国的属国.由于地处黎凡特商路的要冲,自第四次十字军(1202～1204)时期开始兴起,成为包括克里特、埃维亚、基克拉泽斯和爱奥尼亚群岛在内的一个殖民帝国的统治者,也是摩里亚采邑和伊庇鲁其采邑的据点.1381年在长达一个世纪的争夺黎凡特和东地中海商业优势的斗争中挫败了热那亚.15世纪,威尼斯共和国在取得邻近地区之后,成为一个疆域广大的意大利城郭.15～18世纪期间,威尼斯在与奥斯曼土耳其的断续战争中逐渐丢失了东部的属地.1715年放弃了爱琴海上的最后一个据点.1797年威尼斯共和国解体,其领土割给奥地利.1805年并入拿破仑的意大利王国,1815年复归奥地利.1848～1849年反抗奥地利的叛乱结束后,又归意大利(1866).第二次世界大战期间遭受破坏不大.市内有多条运河贯穿,1966年遭受洪灾.20世纪后期,全面努力控制市内的洪水和保护市内的建筑.威尼斯建筑具有意大利、拜占廷、哥特、阿拉伯和巴罗克式建筑的风格.有艺术、历史名胜约450处.包括著名的教堂圣马可教堂、宫殿、博物馆、艺术馆和剧院等.市里约有400座桥梁,其中叹息桥最著名,建于公元800年左右.主要经济活动为旅游业及其相关的工业,在活跃的威尼托地区经济体系中起着主要的市场作用.人口约293,732(1998).

Introduction to Venice
Lord Byron called Venice (Venezia) "a fairy city of the heart." La Serenissima, "The Most Serene," is an improbable cityscape of stone palaces that seem to float on water, ...

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Introduction to Venice
Lord Byron called Venice (Venezia) "a fairy city of the heart." La Serenissima, "The Most Serene," is an improbable cityscape of stone palaces that seem to float on water, a place where cats nap in Oriental marble windowsills set in colorful plaster walls. Candy-stripe pylons stand sentry outside the tiny stone docks of palazzi whose front steps descend into the gently lapping waters of the canals that lace the city.
In Venice, cars are banned -- every form of transportation floats, from water taxis and vaporetti (the public "bus" ferries) to ambulance speedboats and garbage scows. Venice is a place where locals stop at the bacaro (wine bar) to take un ombra (literally "a little bit of shade"; in practice, a glass of wine) and munch on cicchetti (tapaslike snacks) or linger over exquisite restaurant seafood dinners.
It is also a city of great art and grand old masters. Venetian painting enjoyed early masters such as the Bellini clan -- Jacopo from the 1420s, sons Giovanni and Gentile from the 1460s. By the early 1500s Venice had taken the Renaissance torch from Florence and made it its own, lending the movement the new color and lighting schemes of such giants as Giorgione, Tiziano (Titian), Paolo Veronese, and Tintoretto.
So much for Venice the Serenissima. There's also Venice the insanely popular and overcrowded. Certainly, the tourists can seem inescapable, and prices can be double or triple here what they are elsewhere in Italy.
But visitors flock to this canalled wonder for very good reason: Venice is extraordinary, it is magical, and it is worth every cent. Its existence defies logic, but underneath its otherworldly beauty and sometimes-stifling tourism, Venice is a living, breathing, singular city that seems almost too exquisite to be genuine, too fragile to survive the never-ending stream of visitors who have been making the pilgrimage here for 1,500 years.
As barbarian hordes washed back and forth across the Alps during the decline of the Roman Empire (starting in the 4th c.), inhabitants of the Veneto flatlands grew tired of being routinely sacked and pillaged along the way. By the 6th century, many had begun moving out onto the mudflat islands of the marshy lagoon, created by what was in ancient times the Po River delta, to take up fishermen's lines or trading ships. When they saw that one barbarian horde, the Lombards, had stayed to settle the upper Po valley (still called Lombardy), these Veneti decided to remain on their new island homes and ally themselves instead with the eastern remnant of the old Roman Empire, Byzantium.
Oddly, what we now consider central Venice was the last area settled. After Attila the Hun rampaged through, citizens of the Roman town of Altino moved out onto Torcello and founded a tidy commercial empire under the control of the Byzantine emperor -- ironic, since Torcello's star has long since fallen and it is now the least built-up of all of greater Venice's major inhabited islands. Townsfolk from Oderzo moved to Malamocco and made it the lagoon's political capital (the original site is now underwater, and the Malamocco that survives nearby is a fishing village on the southern stretch of the Lido, near the golf course). After barely defeating Charlemagne's son Pepin there in 810, the capital was moved to the more protected Rialto islands -- now central Venice.
Greater Venice's oldest surviving structure is the cathedral on Torcello, founded in 639 but largely 9th and 10th century now. In fact, sparsely populated Torcello is one of the best glimpses into how early Venice must have looked -- scattered buildings and canals banked by waving rushes and reeds, everything outlined by the dotted lines of wooden piles hammered down into the mud. This construction is what underlies all those stone palazzi of central Venice: a framework foundation of sunken tree trunks, hammered down into the caranto (a solid clay layer under the surface of mud and sand) and preserved in the anaerobic atmosphere of their muddy tomb, overlain with Istrian stone.
As its power began to peak in the early 13th century, Venice led the fourth and most successful Crusade, capturing Constantinople itself. It went on to conquer territories across what are today Turkey, the Greek isles, and Crete -- and eventually became the capital of Italy's inland provinces, now the Veneto, Trentino, and Friuli. By 1300 it was one of the largest cities and the leading maritime republic of Europe and the Mediterranean. Although the Black Death carried off over half the population from 1347 to 1350, Venice bounced back and remained a maritime power until the 18th century, when trade through the new American colonies would increasingly steal much of the city's thunder.
By the end of the 18th century, Venice had run out of steam commercially, not to mention militarily after centuries spent fighting the Turks (who slowly regained most of Venice's Aegean and Greek territories). By the time Napoléon came along in 1797, the Venetian Republic offered little resistance. Napoléon gave control of Venice to Austria, under whose rule it remained for almost 70 years. Daniele Manin did stage an unsuccessful mini-revolution in 1848 and 1849, during which Venice was privileged to become the first city attacked from the air -- from a fleet of hot-air balloons armed with long-fused time bombs. The Risorgimento (unification) movement and its king Vittorio Emanuele II defeated the Austrians, gained control of the Veneto, and made it a part of the newly minted state of Italy in 1866.
In its position at the crossroads of the Byzantine and Roman -- later Eastern and Western -- worlds, Venice over many centuries acquired a unique amalgamated heritage of art, architecture, and culture. And although hordes of traders and merchants no longer pass through as they once did, Venice nonetheless continues to find itself at a crossroads: an intersection in time between the uncontested period of maritime power that built it and the modern world that keeps it ever-so-gingerly afloat.
It is a great disservice to allot Venice the average stay of 2 nights and 3 days (it sometimes takes the better part of a day just to find your hotel). If you can, stay at least 3 nights and preferably longer -- Venice has the potential to be the highlight of your travels through Italy. It is a city too special and unique on this globe to be rushed.
Leave your heels and excess luggage at home, and make sure to toss the map and this guide in your daypack for at least an afternoon, turn left when the signs to the sights point right, and get lost in the back calli (streets) and uncrowded campi (squares) where tourists seldom tread and you will encounter the true, living, breathing, gloriously decaying side of this most serene city.

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