英语：什么是行为动词?

英语：什么是行为动词?
英语：什么是行为动词?

英语：什么是行为动词?
动词可以分为四类：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词.今天主要说说行为动词的用法.
1. 不及物动词：不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语.
　　如：look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about等.
2. 及物动词：后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整.
　　在及物动词 + 副词构成动副搭配时,代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆.
　　如：turn on (√) turn on the radio (√) turn the radio on (√) turn on it (×) turn it on (√)
　　常见的动副搭配的词组有：put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等.
3. 注意行为动词的几种变化形式：
　　原形 enjoy
　　第三人称单数 enjoys
　　过去式 enjoyed
　　过去分词 enjoyed
　　现在分词 enjoying
　　过去式,过去分词,同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则动词变化表.
　　现在分词的变化方法,一般是直接在动词后加ing,有几个特殊的可加以记忆：lie-lying, die-dying.
　　要双写的单词有：
　　一个m (swim-swimming)
　　一个g (dig-digging)
　　三个n (run-running, win-winning, begin-beginning)
　　三个p (stop-stopping, shop-shopping, drop-dropping)
　　还有六个t (sit-sitting, hit-hitting, get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, forget-forgetting)
　　同学们特别应注意forget, begin这种双音节单词.
　　另外,eat, wait这两个词不是重读闭音节,故不能双写加ing,这也是同学们易犯的错误.
4. 请区别几组易混淆的同义动词：
第一组：look-see-watch-read
　　look 看 look at the bird
　　see 看见 see a film
　　watch 观看、注视 watch TV, watch a football match
　　read 读,阅读 read a book, read newspapers
第二组：say-speak-talk-tell
　　say 说（不及物动词）①say to sb. , (后跟引语) ②say it again (后常跟it)
　　speak 讲,发言（不及物动词）①speak at the meeting ②learn to speak ③speak English
　　talk 谈话（不及物动词）①talk about sth.(谈论某事) ②talk with sb.(和某人交谈)
　　tell 告诉,讲（及物动词）
　　①tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth
　　②tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人)
　　③tell the time “报时”/ tell a story “讲故事”
第三组：borrow-lend
　　borrow 借进（短暂动词）
　　①borrow sth. (借某物) ②borrow sth. from sb. (向某人借某物）
　　如May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken.
　　lend 借出（短暂动词）lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)
　　如:You mustn't lend it to others.
　　keep 借（一段时间）,常与一段时间的时间状语连用,为延续性动词.
　　如：How long may I keep it?
第四组：bring-take
　　bring 带来（表示从远处拿到说话的地点来）,常与here, me 搭配
　　如：Please bring my hat to me tomorrow.
　　take 带走（表示从说话地点拿到远处去）,常与there, away搭配
　　如：Take your raincoat with you. It's going to rain.
第五组：listen-hear
　　listen 听 不及物,常与介词to连用
　　如：I listened carefully, but heard nothing.
　　hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语
　　hear from sb 收到某人的来信
　　如：Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.
　　hear of 听说
　　如：Have you heard of the news?
第六组 look for-find-find out
　　look for 寻找 （强调动作）
　　find 找到 发现（强调结果）
　　如：We looked for him everywhere but didn't find him.
　　find out 查明（通过调查研究找到事实的真相）
　　如：Can you find out who broke the window?
第七组：put on-wear-dress
　　put on 穿上（强调动作）
　　如：It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.
　　wear 穿着（强调状态）
　　如：Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.
　　dress 打扮,给...穿衣服
　　①dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣
　　②get dressed 穿好衣服
　　③dress up 打扮,穿上盛装
　　如：She often dresses up in a red skirt.
第八组：forget-leave
　　forget 忘了某物
　　如：I forgot to tell you about it.
　　leave 把某物忘在某地
　　如：Kate left her key to her room at home.
5. 有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人）,间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前,若颠倒两者的位置,则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to或for）.
　　draw sth. for sb. pass sth. to sb.
　　make sth. for sb. give sth. to sb.
　　mend sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb.
　　buy sth. for sb. show sth. to sb.
　　get sth. for sb. bring sth. to sb.
　　cook sth. for sb. take sth. to sb.
　　keep sth. for sb. write sth. to sb.
　　return sth. for sb. send sth. to sb.