英语语法倒装讲解,要完整的

英语语法倒装讲解,要完整的
英语语法倒装讲解,要完整的

英语语法倒装讲解,要完整的
一般来说,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的.
一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面. 例：In the harbor sits Denmark"s bestknown landmark,the Little Mermaid
1.以here, there,now, then引导的句子,要完全倒装.这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.
如：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
注意：若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变.Here he comes . / Here it is .
2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词,句子要完全倒装.（注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词.如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构.） 如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介词短语作状语在句首,句子要完全倒装.注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.
如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装.如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物.如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面. 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用于疑问句中.如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后,要部分倒装,把were,had,should提到主语前面.如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.as 引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）.有以下几种形式：
1） 副词置于句首.如：Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.
2） 动词置于句首.如：Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.
3） 形容词或名词置于句首.如：Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词.如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时,句子要部分倒装.　　( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )　
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only 在句首引导状语,或not until 引导的状语在句首,主句要部分倒装.如：
Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.
但若only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装.如：Only socialism can save China. (only修饰句子的主语,仍用正常语序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒.如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里.May you succeed!
9. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
so…that结构中的倒装.有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时,主句要用倒装结构.如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.
--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)
10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡,或使上下文紧密衔接,句子要部分倒装.
倒装句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里,如果主语是名词,常用全部倒装.
Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代词作主语,只把该副词提前主谓语序不变.Here he comes . / Here it is .
2 . 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常常引起全部倒装. South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子,要用“部分倒装”语序 ( 倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似 ) .这类常见词有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引导从句时,主句“部分倒装” ) ,little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when. 例:Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思.no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成时,than , when 引出的从句用过去时.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果带有否定意义的词不是修饰全句,只是修饰主语,那么句子的主谓不必倒装.
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修饰形容词或副词,only 修饰副词或状语放在句首时“部分倒装”.
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修饰主语,句子则不倒装. 例如:Only Wang Lin knows this .
5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首,作“也不”讲时,所引导的句子部分倒装.He can’ t answer the question . Neither can I .
6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,需倒装.
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
7.由 as , though ( although ) 引导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句,用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语或状语等放在 as 的前面.

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