用英文介绍汉字演变的过程!最好举例子详细点!最好下面有中文翻译!感激啊!谢谢咯!急需!
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用英文介绍汉字演变的过程!最好举例子详细点!最好下面有中文翻译!感激啊!谢谢咯!急需!
用英文介绍汉字演变的过程!最好举例子详细点!最好下面有中文翻译!感激啊!谢谢咯!急需!
用英文介绍汉字演变的过程!最好举例子详细点!最好下面有中文翻译!感激啊!谢谢咯!急需!
The oldest Chinese inscriptions that are indisputably writing are the Oracle bone script (Chinese:甲骨文; Hanyu Pinyin:jiǎgǔwén; literally "shell-bone-script").The oracle bone script is a well-developed writing system,attested from the late Shang Dynasty (1200-1050 B.C.) from Anyang,and from Zhengzhou,dated 1600 BC[citation needed].In addition,there are very few logographs found on pottery shards and cast in bronzes,known as the Bronze script (Chinese:金文; Hanyu Pinyin:jīnwén),which is very similar to but more complex and pictorial than the Oracle Bone Script.Only about 1,400 of the 2,500 known Oracle Bone logographs can be identified with later Chinese characters and therefore easily read.However,it should be noted that these 1,400 logographs include most of the commonly used ones.
According to legend,though,Chinese characters were invented earlier by Cangjie (c.2650 BC),a bureaucrat under the legendary emperor,Huangdi.The legend tells that Cangjie was hunting on Mount Yangxu (today Shanxi) when he saw a tortoise whose veins caught his curiosity.Inspired by the possibility of a logical relation of those veins,he studied the animals of the world,the landscape of the earth,and the stars in the sky,and invented a symbolic system called zi — Chinese characters.It was said that on the day the characters were born,Chinese heard the devil mourning,and saw crops falling like rain,as it marked the beginning of civilization,for good and for bad.
Neolithic signs
The earliest Neolithic signs come from Jiahu,a Neolithic site in the basin of the Yellow River in Henan province,dated to c.6500 BC ,known as the Jiahu Script.It has yielded turtle carapaces that were pitted and inscribed with symbols.By the discoveries at Jiahu reported here Neolithic sign use in China must now be extended backward another two millennia to c.6500 cal BC.Sign use,however,should not be easily equated with writing,although it may represent a formative stage.In the words of the archaeologists who made the discovery:
Although the earliest forms of primitive Chinese writing are no more than individual symbols and therefore cannot be considered a true written script,the inscriptions found on bones (dated to 2500 - 1900 BC) used for the purposes of divination from the late Neolithic Longshan (Simplified Chinese:龙山; Traditional Chinese:龙山; Hanyu Pinyin:lóngshān) Culture (c.3200 - 1900 BC) are thought by some to be a proto-written script,similar to the earliest forms of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt.It is possible that these inscriptions are ancestral to the later Oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty and therefore the modern Chinese script,since late Neolithic culture found in Longshan is widely accepted by historians and archaeologists to be ancestral to the Bronze Age Erlitou culture and the later Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
At Damaidi in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,3,172 cliff carvings dating to 6,000-5,000 BCE have been discovered "featuring 8,453 individual characters such as the sun,moon,stars,gods and scenes of hunting or grazing." These pictographs are reputed to be similar to the earliest characters confirmed to be written Chinese.
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