八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些?!急!

八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些?!急!
八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些?!急!

八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些?!急!
Unit 2   What should I do?
【单元目标】
1．单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone
9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for… 14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset
17. call… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类.
* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气.
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等.
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化.
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等.
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家.
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误.
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨.
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪.
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的.
（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了.
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲.
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水.
（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的.
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲.
（5）must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的.
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的.
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影.
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?
（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走?
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?
（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?
（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步.
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事.
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹.
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)
你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话.
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车.
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼.
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架
  I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了.
  Don’t argue with  him.  别和他争吵了.
  2．① either   adv.（用于否定句）也
  He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱,我也没有.
  I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋,她也不会.
  ② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
  I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师,他也是老师.
  We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗?
  3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……  
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work． 别天天要饭,找点儿工作做.
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱.
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难,可以向警察求助.
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back． 他不想向老师要回他的书了.
 4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样.
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna． 汤姆和安娜一样大.
Her backpack is the same as mine.    她的背包与我的一样.
 5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了.
All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park．
They all toured America except her. 
除了他以外,所有的学生都去美国旅行过.
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外,我们也都去了.
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you?  你哪儿不舒服?
— What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
— I've got a headache．我头痛.
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了.
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了.
They knew they did wrong.  他们知道他们做错了.
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好.
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽.
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin． 我不想和我的堂兄打架.
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.           
他们从不打架,他们的确是好朋友.  
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do?  You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue． 
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb.   从某人处借进某物
    lend sth. to sb.   把某物借给某人
    borrow sth. from sb.  是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
     lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?
2. ①get sb. to do…  使……做（以人为对象时,有“说服……使做……”的含义）
    He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家.
    You’ll never get her to agree.  你决不可能使她同意.
②ask sb. to do…  邀请（人）做……
   We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事  例如：
    The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作.
3、be in style   时髦的,流行的
   be out of style    过时的,不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦.
Those clothes are out of style.  那些衣服过时了.
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外.
    此处surprise是及物动词  surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
    eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone  用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone.  找吉姆听电话.
      Lily, you are wanted on the phone.  莉莉,你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call   给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York.  他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.    给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
   eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券.
6、She has the same haircut as I do.  她和我有相同的发型.
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服.
7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现,查出,找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案.
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
  除了我以外,我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面,或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong.  我真想不出我做错了什么.
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句,作think的宾语应用陈述语序.
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么.
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语,可用宾语从句来代替.可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事.
此句中 you could do是定语从句,修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了.
Leave sth. +介词短语,是“把……忘在,落在（某处）的意思.
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上.
13、You should try to be funny.  你应该试着幽默一些.
   Try to do…努力做,试着做,尽量做
   而try not to do  是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again.  请尽量不要再迟到.
14、Their school days are busy enough.  他们的学校生活是够忙的.
  enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果.
15、be under too much pressure.  在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things    看别的孩子在做许多事
    see sb. doing    看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球 
17、find it hard to do sth.  发现做……（事）很难
      He found it hard to learn math well.  他发现学好数学很难