我要有关空气污染的详细解释.要英文的.还有中文解释

我要有关空气污染的详细解释.要英文的.还有中文解释
我要有关空气污染的详细解释.要英文的.还有中文解释

我要有关空气污染的详细解释.要英文的.还有中文解释
保证标准,正确!
英文：
1 Introduction
Over the past 20 years, living in a modern building was showing some of the more serious pathological response, the issue has aroused extensive attention from experts and scholars. As a result, sick building (Sick Building and sick building syndrome (SBS, Sick Building Syndrome emerged in the concept. At the same time, a number of air-conditioning syndrome (such as red eyes, runny nose, sore throat, headache, Fakun, etc.). So that people's physical and mental health has been a great impact, reducing the efficiency of the work, sickness and medical costs and other issues have also emerged. As a result, indoor air quality (IAQ) The question has now become the built environment
The new field of research. This article discusses the impact of indoor air-quality improvements and a major factor.
2 air-quality concept
First on indoor air quality is defined as a series of indicators of the concentration of pollutants. However, with continuing deep research, has found that this can not be completely covered by the definition of indoor air quality.
89 in the indoor air quality discussion at the meeting, the University of Copenhagen, Denmark P. O. Fanger, a professor: the so-called quality is reflected in meeting the requirements of the people, such as people with satisfaction that high-quality; is not satisfied with low quality. Britain's CIBSE (Charted Instituteof Building Services Engineers): If the room is less than 50% of the people to be able to detect any odor, less than 20% of people feel uncomfortable, less than 10% of the film to stimulate the feeling of exclusion, and less than 5% in less than 2% of the time was agitated, at this time of the indoor air quality is acceptable. The two have a common indoor air quality is to become fully people's subjective feelings.
In the ASHRAE Standard 62-1989R, put forward an acceptable indoor air quality (acceptable indoor air quality) and to feel acceptable indoor air quality (acceptable perceived in-door air gualitg) concept. Acceptable indoor air quality is defined as: air-conditioned rooms of the vast majority of people are not satisfied that no air and no air pollutants known to be reached may be a serious threat to human health concentration. Feel acceptable indoor air quality is defined as: air-conditioned rooms of the vast majority of people did not smell or irritation and discontent that it is acceptable indoor air quality, a necessary condition, not a sufficient condition. Some, such as gas co, struggle, and so on, are very harmful, but without stimulating, it is only
Feel with an acceptable indoor air quality is not enough.
3 indoor air quality, the causes of the problem
Caused by indoor air quality problem in general there are two types: first, HVAC (HVAC) system design or improper operation; Second, the various sources of pollutants generated.
The first reason is generally taken to include: ① ventilation and air distribution problems such as lack of fresh air, indoor air distribution, and so bad; ② thermal comfort between the title when the room does not meet the desired temperature and humidity, people will complain about the quality of indoor air.
The second category include: ① the deterioration of the outdoor air (or from the new wind of the population, such as doors and windows into the human pollutants); ② cross-contamination, as the design of the room when the improper distribution of pressure caused by an underground car park, print room, smoking Area, restaurants and so on the distribution of pollution in the construction of the logistics people in other regions; ③ indoor pollution, such as indoor office equipment, furniture, play equipment, such as pollutants generated; ④ microbial contamination, often by setting air-conditioning or water leakage.
Indoor air quality problems can be divided into two aspects of subjective and objective: Indoor various physical parameters such as temperature and humidity, the concentration of gaseous pollutants on objective factors such as indoor air quality impact (although it has not yet fully understand how it is And how much impact); at the same time, people's state of mind, sensitive to the outside world, subjective factors such as gender differences may also result in indoor air quality of different responses.
3 impact on indoor air quality factors
3.1 Building factor
3.1.1 indoor pollution sources
Generally agreed that indoor pollution comes mainly from the following 4 aspects: ① building envelope and its surface materials; ② indoor environmental conditions; ③ and the number of indoor activities; ④ HVAC equipment and systems. For the surface structure of the building materials harmful substances distributed mechanism to disseminate the law, and the calculation of inhibition and quantitative measurement of a number of research results, but not quite perfect. With the further study of the deep who will help control indoor air pollution.
3.1.2 outdoor environmental impact
Outdoor and indoor environment is linked to the outdoor will have its impact on indoor pollution. In the absence of outdoor, industrial pollution under the conditions of transport vehicles distributed by the impact of VOC gases. Research shows that no matter indoors or outdoors, always from the ground, the higher the lower the VOC content. It is generally believed by building a larger impact on the outside. At the same time a series of indoor pollution caused by VOC is always higher than the outside, such as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil indoor VOC concentration for an average of 304.3 a 1679.9 mg/m3, compared with 22 outdoor and a 643.2 mg/m3.
3.2 Building non-factor
3.2.1 wind of the new issues
As the design or operation of misconduct arising from the issue of the new wind of fresh air and fresh air, including two aspects of cleanliness.
Fresh Air is the design of air conditioning on indoor air quality up to consider the question, in various stages of development of the air-conditioning, the ventilation standards are also different. The traditional concept of the view that the new wind to clear the people arising from the biological pollution, the smallest room of fresh air to determine the only person from the smallest to identify indicators of fresh air. However, with the development of science and technology, modern architecture found in his loaded materials, furniture, office supplies some of the air-conditioning and ventilation system itself is a source of pollution, and its smell is far more than were generated by. As a result, the ASHRAE Standard 62-1989R, that used to determine the volume of outdoor air and indoor pollutants from the two sources of gas, so the smallest room of fresh air per person shall be a minimum of fresh air per square area of indicators and the required minimum Wind together to identify new targets. In addition, the air conditioning running, with the load of indoor ventilation and the efficiency of the changes, in order to reduce energy consumption, indoor air traffic will be corresponding changes, but in order to meet the people's health and comfort to determine the volume of outdoor air should not occur too Big changes. ASHRAE Standard 62-1989R relating to variable air volume control of the content made it clear that the entire operation of the variable air volume, fresh air should always keep in the design of more than 90% of fresh air.
Cleanliness of fresh air has also been concern. This was mainly derived from an outdoor environment, the gradual deterioration of the serious air pollution, fresh air quality. Therefore, the new wind of the deal has been discussed, a new three-level winds will filter the idea came into being. The so-called fresh air filter is the traditional three new units in the wind with only coarse filter effect of the situation, in addition to containing coarse filter efficiency, but also with effect even in high-performance filter design. This design of the biggest advantages is reduced greatly from person to bring a new atmosphere of the indoor dust concentrations of bacteria, to some extent at the same time extend the life of the system components. But in addition to indoor air quality related to outdoor pollutants, is more subject to microbial contamination of the indoor and gaseous pollution. As a result, the new three-tier air filter for indoor air quality problem-solving role in the end how much the new air filter should consider whether other outdoor pollutants to filter the problems that remain to be further studied.
3.2.2 the impact of pollutants
Non-factor in the construction of more sources of pollutants, including solid particles, gases and harmful micro-organisms. As a result of micro-organisms in general and more dependent on the spread of liquid or solid particles, so the pollutants into particles and pollutants harmful gas pollutants.
Particle pollutants according to their particle size, respectively, will be infected with the human respiratory tract and lungs. More types of gaseous pollutants, with the exception of CO, C02, NH3 and oxygen, and other well-known, there are organic compounds (volatile). It is generally believed that these pollutants on human respiratory system, cardiovascular system and the nervous system has a greater influence, and even cancer. But the survey shows that even if people complain that very often, but in most cases do not have a single standard pollutants. The best interpretation of this result was due to a variety of pollutants rather than one caused by the impact of indoor air quality complaints, as well as people of the existing concentration of pollutants indicators of comprehensive scientific and raised doubts.
4 to improve indoor air quality measures
Can be summed up in the following three aspects: first, building design and construction of surface materials, in particular the choice of how to improve, and the other is to ensure sufficient fresh air and fresh air to strengthen and return air filter, three air-conditioning system is to ensure that the correct design and rigorous The operation management and maintenance.
4.1 has a number of provisions of foreign rule
Require the construction of housing and must be based on solid selection of durable and not to disseminate material harmful substances may not be the use of tropical timber, and the envelope must be waterproof material Gechao. Ventilation and air conditioning for the following:
(1) construction must be very good insulation, and to ensure good air tightness;
(2) must be considered in the design window to the South for energy;
(3) to avoid the cold surface, no air infiltration;
(4) in the north as far as possible to get wind of new people;
(5) The decision of the new air pollution outside the entrance location;
(6) adequate ventilation and air return, the air straight to the people;
(7) should have the possibility of redistribution of people indoors, especially at night to the bedroom;
(8) in the duct must be avoided in the breeding and micro-organisms have the potential clean-up;
(9) enables users to easily understand how to clean and maintain ventilation.
In addition there are some health experts to achieve the goal of building should be as follows:
(1) the smallest suspended particles and biological contamination;
(2) control of indoor relative humidity levels;
(3) the smallest amount of air infiltration;
(4) to reduce VOC volatile;
(5) to improve energy efficiency and the efficiency of resource use;
(6) provide for the residents of the ventilation controls.
These requirements are quite stringent, it is necessary to meet the demands of the high level of technology and strict quality checks.
4.2 on the fresh air
In many indoor air-quality findings are referred to the inadequate supply of fresh air. Some air-conditioning systems in the transformation of the increased volume of outdoor air, which will help improve indoor air quality. As already mentioned in the new ASHRAE standard in the human body according to the requirements of fresh air and dilution of indoor pollution to determine requirements. The problem is the wind of the new air-conditioning systems are often subject to pollution and deterioration of the quality, in which case, even if the increased volume of outdoor air can not change the indoor air quality. In addition, because into the air mixed with a substantial proportion of air return, and generally difficult to get rid of filters in air return with low VOC concentration of gases and bacteria, and so on, from this point of view, to reduce wind and increase the volume of outdoor air And even a new air system will help improve indoor air quality.
5, a few points
To sum up, foreign to the indoor air quality problems and is attached great importance to the very seriously. The following combination of a number of domestic cases like to express my views:
(1) China's indoor air quality research has just begun, and some colleagues have already made some achievements in a number of activities, made some achievements, but overall, the degree of attention and publicity is not enough.
(2) building and HVAC need to change our concepts, the establishment of a new awareness in the design of a careful selection should start to consider the construction of pollution factors, the establishment of air-conditioning health point of view, the change of a single air heat and moisture to deal with, plus people to deal with biochemistry, Actively develop new technologies and new products. In considering the design of effective air supply, reduce the use of air supply and ventilation tube Feng efficient, the new people close to the wind in the form of air distribution.
(3) organization is best measured on-site manpower, air-conditioning system for monitoring air pollution, indoor monitoring apparatus and equipment, construction materials emission of harmful substances and its impact on indoor air pollution. To fight with the relevant professional, but also for environmental protection, health care sector.
(4) of the proposed HVAC design specifications in the relevant sections to make the necessary changes, additions and deletions.
(5) air-conditioning systems maintenance and management is very important, the system must be cleaned regularly to prevent pollution of air flow. This should be strict management and operation of the laws and regulations and strictly enforced.
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