我想找关于中国传统文化的有关内容最好浅显一点,因为我还要整理成英文

我想找关于中国传统文化的有关内容最好浅显一点,因为我还要整理成英文
我想找关于中国传统文化的有关内容
最好浅显一点,因为我还要整理成英文

我想找关于中国传统文化的有关内容最好浅显一点,因为我还要整理成英文
关于长城的传说
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.
In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never smiled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.
Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread.
历史
No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor). After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor.
From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the Xiongnu in 127 BC, 121 BC and 119 BC. The Xiongnu were driven into the far north of the Gobi. To maintain the safety of the Hexi Corridor (today's Gansu Province), the emperor ordered the extension of the Great Wall westward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang region. The ruins of the beacon towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible in Dunhuang, Yumen and Yangguan. A recent report shows that ruins of the Han Wall have been discovered near Lopnur in China's Xinjiang region.
Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Sui dynasties.
The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). During this period, bricks and granite were used when the workers laid the foundation of the wall and sophisticated designs and passes were built in the places of strategic importance. To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers, the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen (garrison headquarters). The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River (in today's Heilongjiang Province), via today's Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia provinces, to Guansu. The total length reaches 12,700 li (over 5,000 kilometers). The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguan Pass are two well-preserved passes at either end.
Today, the Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to China. Few can help saying 'Wow!' when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant dragon. For centuries, the wall served succeeding dynasties as an efficient military defence. However, it was only when a dynasty had weakened from within that invaders from the north were able to advance and conquer. Both the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty, 1271-1368) and the Manchurians (Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911) were able take power because of weakness of the government and poverty of the people but never due to any possibility of weakness of the Wall.
或者
The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and it have a history over 2.000 years. The Great Wall, that is called “the ten-thousand-li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6000 kilometers long, 6-7 meters high and 4-5 meters wide. Every a few hundred meters along the Great Wall there are watchtowers. We Chinese are proud of in the Great wall because it is one of the wonders in the world and it stands for China.. Today the Great Wall becomes a famous place of interest in the world. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people, not only from China from also all over the world, come to visit it.
中国传统文化基本精神诸说
中国传统文化的基本精神,从实质上看,就是中华民族的民族精神.关于中国传统文化的基本精神,论者有诸多看法.
有的学者认为,中国传统文化长期发展的思想基础,可以叫做中国传统文化的基本精神,文化的基本精神是文化发展过程中的精微的内在动力,即是指导民族文化不断前进的基本思想.中国传统文化的基本精神就是中华民族在精神形态上的基本特点.因此,（1）钢健有为;（2）和与中;（3）崇德利用;（4）天人协调."这些就是中国传统文化的基本精神之所在."（张岱年:《论中国文化的基本精神》,《中国文化研究集刊》第1辑,复旦大学出版社出版.）中国的民族精神基本凝结于《周易大传》的两句名言之中,这就是："天行健,君子以自强不息"."地势坤,君子以厚德载物"."'自强不息''厚德载物'是中国传统文化的基本精神"."中庸"观念,虽然在过去广泛流传,但是实际上不能起推动文化发展的作用.所以,"不能把'中庸'看做中国传统文化的基本精神".（张岱年：《文化传统与民族精神》,《学术月刊》1986年第12期.）中国传统文化的基本精神还表现为以德育代替宗教的优良传统.（张岱年：《中国文化与中国哲学》,载《中国文化与中国哲学》论集,东方出版社出版）
有的学者认为,"中国传统文化之根本精神为融和与自由".（许思园：《论中国文化二题》,《中国文化研究集刊》第1辑,复旦大学出版社出版.）
有的学者认为,以自给自足的自然经济为基础的、以家族为本位的、以血缘关系为纽带的宗法等级伦理纲常,是贯穿于中国古代的社会生产活动和生产力、社会生产关系、社会制度、社会心理和社会意识形式这五个层面的主要线索、本质和核心,"这就是中国古代传统文化的基本精神."（杨宪邦：《对中国传统文化的再评价》,载张立文等主编：《传统文化与现代化》,中国人民大学出版社出版.）
有的学者认为,中国的民族精神大致上可以概括为四个相互联系的方面：（1）理性精神.集中表现为：具有悠久的无神论传统,充分肯定人与自然的统一和个体与社会的统一,主张个体的感情、欲望的满足与社会的理性要求相一致.总的来看,否定对超自然的上帝、救世主的宗教崇拜和彼岸世界的存在,强烈主张人与自然、个体与社会的和谐统一,反对两者的分裂对抗,这就是中国民族的理性精神的根本.（2）自由精神.这首先表现为人民反抗剥削阶级统治的精神.同时,在反对外来民族压迫的斗争中,统治阶级中某些阶层、集团和人物,也积极参加这种斗争.说明在中国统治阶级思想文化传统中,同样有着"酷爱自由"的积极方面.（3）求实精神.先秦儒家主张"知之为知之,不知为不知",知人论世,反对生而知之；法家反对"前识",注重"参验",强调实行,推崇事功；道家主张"知人"、"自知"、"析万物之理".这些都是求实精神的表.（4）应变精神.（见刘纲纪：《略论中国民族精神》,《武汉大学学报》1985年第1有的学者认为,中国传统文化的基本精神可以概括为"尊祖宗、重人伦、崇道德、尚礼仪".（见司马云杰：《文化社会学》,山东人民出版社出版）此外,中国传统文化还具有发展的观点、自强不息和好学不倦的精神.（见丁守和：《中国传统文化试抡》,《求索》1987年第四期.）
有的学者认为,中国传统文化的精神是人文主义.这种人文主义表现为：不把人从人际关系中孤立出来,也不把人同自然对立起来；不追求纯自然的知识体系；在价值论上是反功利主义的；致意于做人.中国传统文化的人文精神,给我们民族和国家增添了光辉,也设置了障碍；它向世界传播了智慧之光,也造成了中外沟通的种种隔膜；它是一笔巨大的精神财富,也是一个不小的文化包袱.（见庞朴：《中国文化的人文精神》,《光明日报》1986年1月6日.）
以中国传统文化为基础的哲学文化,借用了现代科学上的发现,把宇宙的本质、宇宙的形成、发展变化、成熟、衰老与死亡,宇宙的归宿；人的本质,人的过去与未来,人从那里来,到那里去,人生的目的和意义,应当怎么做人；我是什么?我是谁?我在宇宙中的位置,我在宇宙运动中扮演的角色；人类社会的本质,人类社会的归宿等等都明白的告诉给人类.把以上内容告诉给人类,是让人们明白我们做人的权力、责任和义务,让人们都知道自己在社会中的位置.
与一般的宗教相比较,中国传统文化的优势在于它从哲学、科学的角度上揭示宇宙、社会、人生的本质和意义的,既是充分说理的,又可以让人进行实证,这些内容不是一般宗教能随便解释得了的.所以,它与一般的宗教是不同的,它的魅力在于比一般的宗教更具有说服力的.一般的宗教都是建立在信仰的基础上的,只有通过虔诚地相信,才能感到神的存在,不能问、不要问为什么,是什么道理.可是在物欲横流的社会中,在各种色象的诱惑下,很多人是经不起引诱的,他们都会对自己的信仰发生动摇的.特别是一些宗教不能正确科学地解释自身,而且往往与科学思想是有抵触的（这不是说科学是正确的,科学也是不能正确的认识自己）,而科学的道理又是显而易见的,因为它认识的是物质,是事物直观的可见的表象.在科学日益发达的今天,宇宙飞船上天,原子弹爆炸,互联网技术,生物技术上的成就,科学观念是很易被人们接受的.由于以上原因,人们对信仰发生动摇也是很正常的,这也正是这种原因,有些基督教的牧师、天主教的神甫都背判了自己的信仰,成为上帝的罪人.更头甚者,有些神甫和牧师还染上了艾滋病,有媒体报道,他们之所以染上艾滋病是由于不正当的性行为造成的,这说明他们已经远理自己的信仰,沦为上帝的罪人了.但是我们应当承认,天主教、基督教的大部分教徒的人格还是高尚的,但是从发展的趋势看,基督教和天主教、依斯兰教,都没有发展前途,因为它们都不能为科学思想所接受,最终会被人们所抛弃.
中国传统文化是一种理性的文化,越是科学发达,人们的文化水准提高,认识能力增强的情况下,越是有利于中国传统文化的传播.在人们没有文化愚昧的情况下,中国传统文化是不易推广与传播的,因为它不具备传播这种文化的软件与硬化.在中国历史上,无论什么时侯,哪一个封建王朝都没有真正彻底的贯彻中国传统文化,所以,中国的传统文化从来都没有象《圣经》文化和《古兰经》文化那样,左右一个国家的政治经济的命运.现在最有利于中国传统文化的彻底贯彻,而这种贯彻是民主的、自由的,人们自觉自愿的接受的,不愿接受马上就可以反对,而不是象欧洲中世纪历史上的《圣经》文化,和现在《古兰经》文,是强迫的.
用现代语言把中国传统文化的内涵表达出来,使人们真正的理解中国传统文化,这并不是我有什么能耐,而是中国传统文化中本来就包涵的本质.再者,这也是人类历史发展到今天的必然的产物,因为大家都有文化了,语言也表述能力也加强了；第三、科学已经很发达了,我可以借助科学上的发现和科学语言,对其理论体系进行系统细致地表述,这样就更有说服力与感染力.以上各点,都是中国传统文化的优势所在.中国传统文化,还有语言和文字上的优势,这在以前的帖子中都谈到了,在这里就不赘述了.