现在完成时和过去完成时怎么区分?
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现在完成时和过去完成时怎么区分?
现在完成时和过去完成时怎么区分?
现在完成时和过去完成时怎么区分?
现在完成时
构成:have /has +done/been done
用法:1动作发生在过去对现在的影响
eg:The possibility has been dismissed that he has liver failure.
2 动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在
eg:How long have you lived here?
3在时间条件壮语从句中,用现在完成时替代将来完成时
eg:When you have finished the magazine,please lend it to me.
常用时间状语:1表示到现在为止:already ,yet ,just ,ever,never ,before ,since ,so far,until now ,by now ,up to now.
2表示最近:recentl,lately in the past/last few years
3包含现在在内的时间状语:this morning/afternoon,all the year ,all day
过去完成时
构成:had + done/been done
1.由时间状语来判定
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点.如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点.如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点.如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday
2.由“过去的过去”来判定. 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时.这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.如: She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时.如: After he had finished his homework,he went to bed. 注意:before,after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时.如: After he closed the door,he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它. 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词. I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词. — I'm sorry to keep you waiting.对不起,让你久等了. — Oh,not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟.(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)