谁能帮我把初中英语时态总结一下?> 包括注意事项
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谁能帮我把初中英语时态总结一下?> 包括注意事项
谁能帮我把初中英语时态总结一下?> 包括注意事项
谁能帮我把初中英语时态总结一下?> 包括注意事项
一般现在时.三单加s
一般过去式.动词方面改变.
一般将来时.will+动词原形或者be going to+动词原形
现在完成时.have/has+动词的过去分词
过去完成时.had+动词的过去分词
过去将来时was going to do 或者would do
一、一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。也可表客观规律以及在时间,条件状语从句中表将来时(主将从现)
2.时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:
①...
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一、一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。也可表客观规律以及在时间,条件状语从句中表将来时(主将从现)
2.时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:
①be动词;am/is/are ②行为动词 :动词原形、第三人称单数。
4.否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;② don’t /doesn’t +动词原形+……
5.一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;② Do/Does +…+动词原形+…?
二、一般过去时:
1.概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, this morning
3.基本结构:
①be动词;was/were …
②行为动词 :动词的过去式
4.否定形式:
①was/were+not;② didn’t +动词原形
5.一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;② Did +…+动词原形……?
三、现在进行时:
1.概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:
now, at this time, these days, look,listen ,can you see? Can’t you see ?之类的暗示语。
3.基本结构: am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句: Is /Are …+doing sth ?
四、过去进行时:
1.概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:
at this/that time yesterday, at that time ,at sixyesterday evening ,from eight o’clock to nine o’clock last night 或以when/while引导的时间状语(过去进行时+when+一般过去时/ 一般过去时+while +过去进行时/过去进行时+while +过去进行时)。
3.基本结构: was/were+doing
4.否定形式: was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
1.概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本结构: have/has + done
4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问
7.注意:
1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别
have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。(once ,twice ….)
have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。(where is sb ?)
have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。(for…../ since …..)
2).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die--- be dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up
fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
3).现在完成时的四种句型:
A).主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago
B).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago .
C).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式
D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式
His grandfather died two years ago .
His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years.
_____two years _____ his grandfather ____.
Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____.
4).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与现在有关的时态,他侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。
Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.
When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .
六、过去完成时:
1.概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:
1).before+过去时间,by+ 过去时间, by the end of last year(term, month…)
2).by the time +从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)
3).用于由when ,after , before 引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。
过去完成时+when/before +一般过去时
一般过去时+after +过去完成时
4).用于宾语从句中。
3.基本结构:
had + done.
4.否定形式:
had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:
把had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
1.概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:
tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ) ,soon, in+一段时间, by…,the day after tomorrow, this evening ,tonight
3.基本结构:
1).am/is/are/going to + do;
2).will/shall + do.
3).用现在进行时表示将来,动词come, go ,start,leave ,fly,move ,begin ,get ….
4).当主句为一般将来时,由if ,as soon as ,until, when ,before, after, unless 引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
4.否定形式:
①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
1.概念:
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:
the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…), by then ,
3.基本结构:
①was/were/going to + do;
②would/should + do.
4.否定形式:
①was/were/not + going to + do;
②would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;
②would/should 提到句首。
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初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目构 成用 法象 征 词规则变化不规则变化例 句
一般现在时动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es表示经常性的
动作或状态Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s –es 辅音+y---ieshave----has
He goes to school ev...
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初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目构 成用 法象 征 词规则变化不规则变化例 句
一般现在时动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es表示经常性的
动作或状态Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s –es 辅音+y---ieshave----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过去时动词用过去时
Be—was/ were表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-iedgo-went come-came
do-did leave-left等He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时be going to+V原
will / shall + V原在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时be+doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listen look now
all the time Don’t…一般去e 双写
+ingtie die lie –
变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时
现在完成进行have / has +PP
have/has been+doing发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时was / were +doing
多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening一般去e 双写
+ingtie die lie –
变ie为y加ingHe was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去by the time+过去时
when after before规则的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
过去将来时would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中过去看来将要发生的动作或状态He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比较级形式
形容副词名词后--er 前加more
名词比较用more表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-iergood/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级形式
形容副词名词后-est 前加most
名词比较用most大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较in the +比较范围
of the 具体的数字一般/去e 双写/辅+y结尾-iestbad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthestShe is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now .作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary.作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.作表语
His job is to take care of children .作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
主从复合句状语从句
句子作状语 (时间地点原因条件让步比较)
He was writing a letter when I came in。宾语从句
句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事实)
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.定语从句
句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词)
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式We speak English .
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by us
宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )
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一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单...
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一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
[编辑本段]二、 一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
[编辑本段]三、 现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其他
4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
[编辑本段]四、 过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他
4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
[编辑本段]五、 现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他
4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
[编辑本段]六、 过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其他
4.否定形式:主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其他
①肯定句:主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其他
②否定句:主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主语+will/shall + do+其他
4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其他
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
[编辑本段]八、 过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其他;主语+would/should + do+其他
4.否定形式:主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
[编辑本段]九、将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(过去分词)+其他
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.
[编辑本段]十、现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:主语+have/has +been +doing+其他
3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.
[编辑本段]十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
[编辑本段]十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
[编辑本段]十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
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