英语翻译2.mechanical properties Mechanical properties mean a materials ability to carry or resist the application of mechanical forces and loads .the materials reaction to these forces is usually either deformation or fracture.Mechanical properti

英语翻译2.mechanical properties Mechanical properties mean a materials ability to carry or resist the application of mechanical forces and loads .the materials reaction to these forces is usually either deformation or fracture.Mechanical properti
英语翻译
2.mechanical properties
Mechanical properties mean a materials ability to carry or resist the application of mechanical forces and loads .the materials reaction to these forces is usually either deformation or fracture.
Mechanical properties are probably the most important to manufacturing processing.They determine the extent to which a material may be formed ,sheared ,or machined.
Typical forces which are applied to a material are tension ,compression ,shear ,and torsion ,these forxes are used to form and shape materials ,futhermore materrials must withstand excess amounts of these forces in product applications .since screws are used to assemble wood parts,they must absorb torsion forces .rods holding suspended fixtures must withstand excess tension forces .the head of a hammer must absorb compression forces.
(1).stress-strain .The stree-strain relationship is often used to study many mechanical properties .strees is force applied to material .it is usually measured in either pounds per square inch or kilograms per square centimeter.Strain is the change in the length of a material which is under stress .the strain measurements are given in terms of the amount of elongation(increased length)of the material per unit of length .strain is given in thousandths of an inch per inch of material or millimeters(or smaller units )per centimeter of material .for most materials ,the elongationg of a material under stress is quite small.
A stress-strain diagram ,like the one shown in Fig.1.1 is widely used to chart stress-strain relationships.The stress (force per unit area )is plotted on the vertical axis while the strain(elongation of each unit of length) is plotted on the horizontal axis .
Fig.1.1 stress strain charts are used to show the relationship of forces and how they act on a certain material
As stress is applied ,the material first resists permanent deforming .this area is in the materials released.
Applying additional stress will bring the material to its yield point .at this point ,additional strain occcurs without additional force being applied .Strain above this point is produced with smaller amounts of force .the force also produces permanent changes in the length of the material .
This elongation which is above the materials elastic limit is called plastic deformation .
As stess is increasingly applied above the yield point ,additional strain occurs .finally a maximum strain is reached and the material begins to fail .its internal structure begins to come apart .this point is called the material's ultimate strength or tensile strength .additional stress may cause a reduction in cross-sectional area and will finally cause fracture.

英语翻译2.mechanical properties Mechanical properties mean a materials ability to carry or resist the application of mechanical forces and loads .the materials reaction to these forces is usually either deformation or fracture.Mechanical properti
2.mechanical属性
机械性能指材料能够携带或抵抗力量和机械载荷应用.材料这些部队的反应通常是要么变形或骨折.
力学性能可能是最重要的生产加工.他们决定哪些物质,可能形成,剪切,或加工程度.
这是适用于典型的力量材料拉伸,压缩,剪切,扭转,这些forxes用于造型材料,还materrials必须能承受的产品应用过量这些部队.自螺丝是用来组装木部件,他们必须吸收扭转力量.
棒持有暂停装置必须能承受过多的紧张力量.一个锤头必须吸收压缩力.
（1）.应力应变.的应力应变关系经常被用来研究很多的机械性能.应激的力量应用到的材料.它通常是在每平方英寸或每平方厘米公斤或磅衡量.病毒是在一个材料,在压力下的长度变化.
应变测量中的伸长量计算给定的（提高了每单位长度材料的长度）.应变给予每份材料或一寸一寸千分之一毫米（或更小的单位,占材料厘米）.大多数材料,材料压力之下elongationg很小.
阿应力应变图像图1.1所示的,被广泛用于图表的应力应变关系.应力（每单位面积力量）是绘制纵轴,而株（每单位长度伸长率）是在横轴.
图1.1应力应变图是用来显示力量的关系,以及如何在一定的物质行为
由于强调的是应用,材料第一抵抗永久变形.这一领域是在释放的材料.
附加应力的应用将使材料的屈服点在这一点上.,不增加额外的压力occcurs部队目前适用的.上述这一点与应变产生少量的力量.部队还生产中的材料长度的永久性改变.
这是上述伸长弹性极限被称为材料的塑性变形.
由于斯特斯越来越以上屈服点应用,额外的压力发生.最后是达到最大应变和材料开始衰退.它的内部结构开始松脱.这个点被称为材料的极限强度和拉伸强度.额外的压力可能会导致削减互相截面积,并最终导致骨折.
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