四大发明 英文作文谁能帮我写一写 四大发明的英文作文?是作文啊··不是4个单词的翻译！

四大发明 英文作文谁能帮我写一写 四大发明的英文作文?是作文啊··不是4个单词的翻译！
四大发明 英文作文
谁能帮我写一写 四大发明的英文作文?
是作文啊··不是4个单词的翻译！

四大发明 英文作文谁能帮我写一写 四大发明的英文作文?是作文啊··不是4个单词的翻译！
China was the first nation who invented paper.The earliest form of paper first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty （206BC-23AD）,but the paper was generally very thick,coarse and uneven in their texture,made from pounded and disintegrated hemp fibers.The paper unearthed in a Han tomb in Gansu Province is by far the earliest existing ancient paper,tracing back to the early Western Han Dynasty.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty （25-220）,a court official named Cai Lun made a new kind of paper from bark,hemp,rags,fishnet,wheat stalks and other materials.It was relatively cheap,light,thin,durable and more suitable for brush writing.
The art of paper-making spread east to Korea and Japan at the beginning of the seventh century （the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty）.In the eighth century,along with the Silk Road,the Arab countries began to learn how to make paper.It took about 400 years for paper to traverse the Arab world to Europe.In the 14th century many paper mills were established in Italy,from where the workmanship of paper-making spread to the European countries such as Germany.The Italians vigorously produced the material and exported large amounts of it,dominating the European market for many years.In the 16th century,the art of paper-making appeared in Russia and Holland,and it spread to Britain in the 17th century.
Before paper was invented,Qin Shihuang,the first emperor in Chinese history,had to go over 120 kilos of official documents written on bamboo or wooden strips.With the invention of paper,the popularization of knowledge has turned into reality.The invention of paper is an epoch-making event in human history

China Ancient Four Inventions
Compass, gunpowder, papermaking skill and typography, is China ancient four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized country, occ...

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China Ancient Four Inventions
Compass, gunpowder, papermaking skill and typography, is China ancient four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized country, occupy the important position in the history of human civilization.
1. Compass
The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism in the long-term practice. Because of productive labor, people have contacted the magnetic iron ore, have begun to know the magnetic knowledge. People have found the characteristic of the magnet pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.
The Compass give play to important function in the navigation after introducing to Europe.
2. Gunpowder
The gunpowder is made of niter, sulfur and charcoal three kinds of materials mixing. In Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, when China ancient immortality pills expert make immortality pills with niter, sulfur and charcoal, etc., get enlightenment from the phenomenon of exploding accidentally, and then through numerous practices, have found the prescription of the gunpowder. In the Period of Three Kingdoms, a clever technician Jun Ma, invented “firecrackers”, Open the precedent that make use of the gunpowder.
In the Tang Dynasty, the gunpowder begins to be applied to the military affairs. People utilize the throwing stone machine, light the gunpowder bag and throw out, burn the enemy, this is the most primitive cannon. Later, people wrap up the globular gunpowder near the shaft head, light the line, then shoot with the bow to burn the enemy. During Song Dynasty, people filled the gunpowder in the thick bamboo tube, “an orientation stick behind the gunpowder, Light the line, cause the gunpowder burn in tube rapidly, fly to the enemy to explode. This is the first gunpowder rocket in the world. All these ones are firearm primitively. They are the ancestor of the modern arms.
3. Papermaking skill
The invention of papermaking skill is China’s contribution to the civilization of the world.
In Shang Dynasty more than 3500 years ago, there were characters carved on the tortoise-shell and beast’s bone in China, called the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells. In Chun and Qiu period, Substitute the tortoise-shell and beast’s bone with the bamboo slice and wood slice, is called the bamboo slip. The bamboo slip is very cumbersome. The palace nobles write on silks in the Western Han Dynasty. The silks are easy to write, but the price is expensive, so, just the Royal noble can use it. In the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 105), the papermaking skill inventor Lun Cai is on the basis of that forefathers weave silks experience, Have made into the vegetable fiber paper with bark, broken fishing network, rag, etc. raw materials. From then on, paper become to the material that generally write.
4. Typography
The typography is one of the most important four inventions in ancient China. The woodblock printing appear in Sui dynasty, it is that carve protruding Backward Chinese character on woodblock with knife, then brush Chinese ink-liquid, print on the paper. Print a kind of new book each time, the woodblock must be carved from the beginning, very slow. When carve woodblock if make mistakes, also carve one again, very bother.
In Sung Dynasty, word worker Bi Sheng (A.D. 1004 —— 1048), Use the clay with viscidity, make into the rectangle cube, carve the single Chinese characters on it, burn it with the fire, form the font. Then according to the article content, arrange the word, put it in iron frame sample and make into a printing plate, and then heats and flattens on the fire, can print. Take the font off after printing, can use next time. The printing skill is named the typography.
Though this printing method is primitive and simple, the same as modern typesetting and printing principle, the invention of typography makes the printing technology enter a new era.
In a word, China ancient four inventions, has left behind a magnificent chapter in the history of human science and culture. These great inventions once influenced and benefited the whole world, had promoted the advancing of human history.

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The four inventions 四大发明
1.gun powder 火药
2.paper making 造纸术
3.compass 指南针
4.word printing 活字印刷术

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- printing
Block Printing
With the inventions of paper and ink, stamper gradually became popular during the Jin Dynasty (265-420), which was the early...

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Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- printing
Block Printing
With the inventions of paper and ink, stamper gradually became popular during the Jin Dynasty (265-420), which was the early form of Carved Type Printing. Block Printing first appeared in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, then glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was used to print the text. Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book.
It took a lot of time and energy as well as materials to prepare for printing a book, but it worked more effectively afterwards. This technology was gradually introduced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
Yet, Block Printing had its drawbacks -- all the boards became useless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. The frontispiece of the world's oldest surviving book, the Diamond Sutra printed in the year 868, was discovered at Dunhuang Cave, along the Silk Road. The book, in the form of a roll, is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.
Movable Type Printing
Block Printing was a costly and time-consuming process, for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book, besides, a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. However movable type changed all of that.
In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on identical pieces of fine clay. Each piece of movable type had on it one Chinese character which was carved in relief on a small block of moistened clay. After the block had been hardened by fire, the type became hard and durable and could be used wherever required. The pieces of movable type could be glued to an iron plate and easily detached from the plate. Each piece of character could be assembled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as needed. When the printing was finished, the pieces were put away for future use.
By the year1000, paged books in the modern style had replaced scrolls. Two color printing (black and red) was seen as early as 1340.
This technology then spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Europe. Later, German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the 1440s. Movable Type Printing developed very fast. Based on clay type, type made of wood, lead, tin and copper gradually appeared.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Gunpowder
The invention of gunpowder had a close relationship with the advanced ancient workmanship of smelting industry. People began to know a lot of chemistry knowledge about the nature of different mineral materials during the process of smelting operation. With the knowledge, ancient necromancers tried to seek the elixir of immortality from certain kinds of ores and fuel. Although they failed to get what they were looking for, they discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). This mixture finally led to the invention of gunpowder although its exact date of invention still remains unknow
Many historical materials indicate that gunpowder first appeared before the Tang Dynasty (618-907). From 300 to 650AD several recipes were written about inflammable mixtures. Some historians date the invention of gunpowder at 850AD when a Taoist book warned of three specific elixir formulas as too dangerous to experiment.
The military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty. Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were used in wars. During the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368), the military applications of gunpowder became common and some other weapons like "fire cannon", "rocket", "missile" and "fireball" were introduced.
In the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the method of powder-making was introduced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a series of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem and tactics on the battlefield. From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Paper
China was the first nation who invented paper. The earliest form of paper first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-23AD), but the paper was generally very thick, coarse and uneven in their texture, made from pounded and disintegrated hemp fibers. The paper unearthed in a Han tomb in Gansu Province is by far the earliest existing ancient paper, tracing back to the early Western Han Dynasty.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), a court official named Cai Lun made a new kind of paper from bark, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other materials. It was relatively cheap, light, thin, durable and more suitable for brush writing.
The art of paper-making spread east to Korea and Japan at the beginning of the seventh century (the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty). In the eighth century, along with the Silk Road, the Arab countries began to learn how to make paper. It took about 400 years for paper to traverse the Arab world to Europe. In the 14th century many paper mills were established in Italy, from where the workmanship of paper-making spread to the European countries such as Germany. The Italians vigorously produced the material and exported large amounts of it, dominating the European market for many years. In the 16th century, the art of paper-making appeared in Russia and Holland, and it spread to Britain in the 17th century.
Before paper was invented, Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, had to go over 120 kilos of official documents written on bamboo or wooden strips. With the invention of paper, the popularization of knowledge has turned into reality. The invention of paper is an epoch-making event in human history.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Compass
Early in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC), while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north. In the Warring States Period (206BC-23AD), after constant improvement the round compass came into being. Referred to as a "South-pointer", the spoon- or ladle- shaped compass is of magnetic lodestone, and the plate is of Bronze. The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth. The handle of the spoon points south. The spoon is a symbolic representation of the Great Bear. The plate bears Chinese characters which denote the eight main directions of north, north-east, east, etc. This type of compass has been scientifically tested and found to work tolerably well.
By the time of the Tang dynasty (618-907) and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), Chinese scholars had devised a way to magnetize iron needles, by rubbing them with magnetite, and then suspending them in water. They also observed that needles cooled from red heat and held in the north-south orientation (the earth's axis) would become magnetic. These more refined needle compasses could then be floated in water (wet compass), placed upon a pointed shaft (dry compass) or suspended from a silk thread, etc. Consequently, they were much more useful for navigation purposes since they were much more portable.
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279) many trading ships were then able to sail as far as Saudi Arabia without getting lost. The compass was introduced to the Arab world and Europe during the Northern Song Dynasty. The spread of the compass to Europe opened the oceans of the world to travel and led to the discovery of the New World.

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