英语 English problem (29 10:7:5)what 和that在定从中的用法有什么不同

英语 English problem (29 10:7:5)what 和that在定从中的用法有什么不同
英语 English problem (29 10:7:5)
what 和that在定从中的用法有什么不同

英语 English problem (29 10:7:5)what 和that在定从中的用法有什么不同
what (pron) == that which
1)关系代名词== This is not what I want.
A is to B what C is to D.
2)关系形容词== He gave me what money he had on him.
3)疑问形容词== What book do you want?
4)疑问代名词== What is he
that (PRON)==That is why i like you.
(REL.PRON)== who,whom,which,
== He is the man that came yesterday.
(ADJ)== I know that boy over there.
(ADV) == so ---I can not wait that long.
(CONJ)==引导从属子句 He said that he would come.
名词子句 == The problem is that he is not here.

what在定语从句中不做先行词的，看见他就可以把他排除了

一。首先要明确的是，what不在定语从句中做引导词，that可作定语从句中做引导词。
二。what可引导宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句

关系代词that 的用法
l 1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
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关系代词that 的用法
l 1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
l 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
b)在不定代词，如：anything, everything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d)先行词既有人，又有物时。
e)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
l All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police
当定语从句既缺少先行词又缺少主语或宾语，应填what或all that。
eg: That is what/ all that I want to tell you.
eg: This is what/ all that makes me change my mind.
附： 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
II. 非限制性定语从句
III. 同位语从句
IV. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
1. way + 定语从句
way 后面跟定语从句有三种形式。
(1) way + in which + 定语从句
例如：
She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.
(2) way + that +定语从句
例如：
They didn’t do it in the way that we do now.
(3) way + 定语从句
例如：
He didn’t speak the way I do.
2. as 引导的定语从句
(1) 在由 as 引导的定语从句中所修饰的词（先行词）前面常有 such 或 the same。
例如：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
I have the same trouble as you (have).
(2) As 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：
Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.（作主语）
I never heard such stories as he tells.（作宾语）
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（作表语）
(3) As 有时引导非限制性定语从句，可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，修饰主句，常解释为正如、如同。
例如：
As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.（作主语）
As was expected, he performed the task with success.（作主语）
As he predicted, the wind changed.（作宾语）
The meeting is very important, as indeed it is.（作表语）
II. 非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句由 who, whom, which 引导（不可用 that），还可以由 whose, when, where 等词引导。
非限制性定语从句要用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句可以删去，整个句子的意思还是完整的，而限制性定语从句如果被删去，句子的意思不完整。
例如：
Mr Brown, who is our English teacher, lives near our school.
Yesterday I met my son’s school master, whom you saw at my home last year.
He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.
The factory is headed by a 35-year-old man, whose wife is from America.
They will fly to Qingdao, where they plan to stay for two weeks.
In these days, when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
注意：非限制性定语从句中的关系词是不可省略的。
2.非限制性定语从句有时并非修饰名词或代词，它可以修饰整个句子。
例如：
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
3.in front of, at the back of, in the middle of 等短语在定语从句中的用法。
如果关系代词是作这类介词短语的宾语时，介词短语必须提前。
例如：
Yesterday afternoon we arrived at his log cabin, in front of which stood a tall
tree.
4.注意此类句子表达方式。
There are forty students in their class, thirty of whom are League members.
也可以改成
There are forty students in their class, of whom thirty are League members.
III.同位语从句
同位语从句常跟在 idea, fact, doubt, thought, belief, news, hope 等词后面，由连接代词 that（不可用 which）和连接副词 when, where, whether 等引导。
例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
The fact that he is unfit for his job is quite clear.
Then arose the question where we were to get the machine needed.
All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right.
IV.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句用于名词后面，对该名词的内容作进一步说明，连接词在从句中不作成份。
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词往往在定语从句中作一个成份。
例如：
Have you heard the news that Mr Smith will come to give a lecture on Irish Fairy Tales?
这里 that 引导的是同位语从句，不可以用 which 代替 that， 连接代词在从句中不作成份。
Have you told him the news that I told you last week?
这里 that 引导的是定语从句，可以用 which 代替 that，它在定语从句中作宾语。
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